Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-25484-7 - A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives Richard M. Eaton Index More information INDEX Abdali, Ahmad Shah (Afghan monarch), ëAli ëAdil Shah I, Sultan 197 forms pact with Rama Raya, 96, 97 ëAbd al-Razzaq Samarqandi (traveler), 102 ëAli ëAdil Shah II, Sultan, 188 Abhang Khan (Habshi commander), 115, 118 Almeida, Manuel de (Jesuit), 109 Abuìl-Hasan (artist), 121 Alvares, Father Francisco (Portuguese priest), Abuìl-Hasan Qutb Shah, Sultan, 158 105, 108–09 Achyuta Raya (Vijayanagara king), 90–91 Amar Chitra Katha (comic books), 3, 4 ëAdil Shahi (dynasty) Amin Khan (Qutb Shahi noble), 142 see Bijapur (sultanate) Amir Khusrau (poet), 19, 34 Adoni (fort), 91 amirs (“commanders”) Afghanistan, 24 local chieftains integrated as, 38–39, 71 Afzal Khan (diplomat) Andhra, 6, 87 confronts Mughals, 113–14 a distinct cultural region, 13 Ahmad Bahmani I, Sultan, 61 Andugula Venga Kavi (poet), 95 ascends Bahmani throne, 54 Aravidu (dynasty) Deccani–Westerner conflict, 69 see under Vijayanagara (kingdom) patronizes shrine and family of Gisu Daraz, Asad Beg (Mughal envoy), 120 55 Aurangabad (Khirki), 123 recruits Sufi shaikhs from Iran, 55–56 Aurangzeb (Mughal emperor), 159, 172, 177 recruits Westerners, 61, 88 annexes Bijapur and Golkonda, 158 relations with Gisu Daraz, 52, 54 captures and holds Shahu, 180 shifts capital to Bidar, 63 checked by Tarabai, 182 Ahmad Bahmani II, Sultan, 61, 68, 111 death, 184 Deccani–Westerner conflict, 69–70 settles in the Deccan, 178–79 receives Mahmud Gawan, 60, 65 Aëzam, Prince (a son of Aurangzeb), 184 segregates Deccanis and Westerners, 59, 69 Ahmadnagar (city), 96–97 Babur (Mughal emperor), 79, 112 falls to Mughals, 115 Badrkot (fort), 11 recovered by Malik Ambar, 118 see Bidar Ahmadnagar (sultanate), 106, 142 Baghdad, 106 as nurturer of new power-groups, 127–28 Bahadur Shah (Mughal emperor), 164, 166, disintegration, 124 167, 184 Habshi influence in, 119–20 Bahina Bai (poetess), 151 Mughal pressure on, 112–13 Bahmani (dynasty), 22, 28 recruitment of Marathas, 122–23 decline, 79 Ahrar, ëUbaid Allah al- (Sufi), 66 early architecture, 45 Akbar, Jalal al-Din (Mughal emperor), 48–50, founding, 42 51, 112, 113 integration of local chieftains, 71 Akbar, Prince (son of Aurangzeb), 178 remembered origins, 30 ëAla al-Din Bahmani (prince), 54, 61 royal primogeniture, 74 see also Ahmad Bahmani II struggles with Vijayanagara, 88–90 ëAla al-Din Gwaliori, Maulana, 53 textile trade, 75–76 ëAla al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah, Sultan, 42, 45, see also Bidar, Gulbarga 57 Baji Rao I (second Maratha Peshwa), ëAla al-Din Khalji (sultan of Delhi), 17, 18 192, 193 Albuquerque, Afonso de (Portuguese viceroy), Balaji Baji Rao 79 see Nana Saheb 210 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-25484-7 - A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives Richard M. Eaton Index More information index Balaji Vishvanath (first Maratha Peshwa), 186, Burhan al-Din Janam (Sufi poet), 144 192 Burhan Nizam Shah II, Sultan, 112, 118 Ballala IV (Hoysala king), 42 Burhan Nizam Shah III, Sultan, 119 Banjara (grain transporter caste), 165 Burhanpur (city), 122 Bapaji (litigant), 145–50 Bursa (city), 76 Barani, Zia al-Din (historian), 34 Belgaum (fort), 71 caste Bellary (district), 170 among cultivators of the Desh, 140 Berar (sultanate), 96 pride in, denounced by Tukaram, 132–33 Bhagavad Gita, 131, 152 relatively unelaborated in the Desh, 153–54 Bhima River, 51, 137, 190 unimportant in early Andhra, 15–16 Bhimsen (chronicler), 182 Chakan (fort), 69–70 Bhongir (fort), 166 Chalukya (dynasty) Bidar (city), 41, 60, 95, 101 borders compared to Bahmanis’, 64 architecture, 64–65 last imperial formation before Bahmanis, 64, as imperial center, 63–64, 73 99 fort and citadel, 64, 79 overlords of Kakatiyas, 13 transfer of Bahmani capital, 63 Rama Raya’s association with, 94–95, 99 Bidar (sultanate) rivalry with Cholas, 99 control of Kalyana, 95 see also Kalyana Bijapur (city), 96 Chand Bibi (Deccan heroine), 113 Bijapur (sultanate), 88 Chanderi (town), 183 end of military slavery, 125 Chandragiri (fort), 86, 95, 99, 100 interstate marital alliances among Habshis, Charminar (monument), 157 119–20 Chaul (seaport), 51, 59 Malik Ambar in service, 115 silk industry at, 75 biographical writing Chengiz Khan (Habshi peshwa), 106, 115, 120 Great Man Theory, 5 Chishti (Sufi order) hagiography, 5–6 and legitimacy of Bahmani state, 45–47, 57 in popular and academic traditions, 3–4 association with Tughluq power, 34–35 Karl Marx, 3–4 Chitpavan (Brahmin caste), 186, 192, 196 positivism, 5 Chitre, Dilip, 141 socially constructed, 5 Chokhamela (poet-saint), 132 Boyle, J. A., 170 Chola (dynasty) Brahmanical ideology, 12, 15 rivalry with Chalukyas, 99 Brahmins Coromandel coast, 40, 85–86 and Pratapa Rudra, 27 and Varkari poet-saints, 132, 153 Dabhol (seaport), 59, 70 ascendancy in sultanate bureaucracies, 91, Dakani (language), 68 144–45 and Sufi institutions, 144 as fort commanders, and the Deccani class, 69, 143 90 literature patronized at Deccan courts, 142, as village bankers and accountants, 191–92 143–44 dismissed from high posts by Mughals, 158 Dalrymple, William, 4 influence in Bijapur government, Daulatabad (city), 38, 42, 43, 47–48, 57, 95, 145 158, 184 in Golkonda’s government, 159 anti-Tughluq rebellion at, 41 in Kakatiya society, 15 as colony and Tughluq co-capital, 33, 37–38, in politics, 48 41, 46 in Shahu’s government, 185–86, 191–92 captured by Mughals, 123 in sultanates’ judicial systems, 145, 149 coinage at, 26 socio-religious power, 130, 139 lay-out, 101 see also Chitpavan migration of northerners to, 30, 33–34, 68 Bukka (son of Sangama), 39, 40 Nizam Shahi capital under Malik Ambar, and launching of Vijayanagara, 42–43 118–19, 129 Burhan al-Din Gharib, Shaikh, 46, 47, 57 Dawani, Jalal al-Din (scholar), 66 211 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-25484-7 - A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives Richard M. Eaton Index More information index Deccan Faruqi, Shamsur Rahman, 143 geographical limits, 1–2 Fath Khan (son of Malik Ambar), 119, 123 lacking a master narrative, 1, 2 Faujdar (military governor), 162, 172, 174 relation to north India, 6, 9 Federici, Cesare (traveler), 98 Deccani (social class), 7 Finch, William (merchant), 120, 126 a colonial conception, 76 Firishta, Muhammad Qasim (historian), 33, 52, growth of regional identity, 112 59 mutual hostility with Westerners, 67, 111 definition of the Deccan, 2 political and socio-cultural meaning, 68–69 on popularity of Gisu Daraz, 54 see also Westerner on the Deccani–Westerner conflict, 72 Dehu (village of Tukaram), 129, 131, 135, Firuz Bahmani, Sultan, 57, 111 151–52 and Persian influence, 51, 61 Deleury, G. A., 152 his harem and imperial pretensions, 74 Delhi, 68, 95 intellectual attainments, 48 as imperial center, 2, 11, 51, 63 invites Gisu Daraz, 47–48 road connections with Deccan, 34 marital alliance with Deva Raya I, 48–50, 74 sacked by Timur, 36–37, 51 obliges Gisu Daraz to shift residence, Delhi Sultanate 52 and military slaves, 23 Firuzabad (palace-city), 51, 70, 73 conquest of Andhra, 17–21 Timurid artistic motifs at, 64 establishment, 23 military technology, 19 Gajapati (Orissan dynasty), 88 Desh (upland Maharashtra) Ganapati (Kakatiya king), 13, 17 caste stratification, 140 builder of the state, 17 economy, 137 remembered, 28 growth of farming communities, 137–38 Gandikota (fort), 91 historical sociology, 137–38 Gawan, Mahmud, 102, 111 prominence of pastoralists, 137 as “Prince of Merchants,” 65, 72, 75 religious evolution, 138–39 attempts to resolve Deccani–Westerner Deshmukh (hereditary territorial chiefs) conflict, 70 see military labor conspiracy against, 72–73 Devagiri (city), 20, 26 correspondence with foreign sovereigns, see also Daulatabad 65–66 Deva Raya I (Vijayanagara king) execution, 73, 79 marital relations with Firuz Bahmani, his madrasa in Bidar, 66–67, 77 48–50 invites literati to Bidar, 66 patronizes Ramachandra temple, 82 leaves his native Gilan, 62–63 Deva Raya II (Vijayanagara king), 86, 104 organizes long-distance commerce, 75–76 Persianized court, 102 reaches India, 59 recruits “Turkish” cavalry, 87, 104 welcomed at Bahmani court, 60, 65 Dhanaji Jadhav (Maratha general), 182, 186 Geertz, Clifford, 80 Dhangar (pastoralist community), 138, 139, Ghatge (Maratha family), 188 200 Ghazali, Ahmad (mystic), 53 Digby, Simon, 57 Ghaznavid (Afghan dynasty), 24 Dilawar Khan (commander), 167, 168, 172 Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, Sultan, 20, 21 Dwarasamudra (Hoysala capital), 38 Gisu Daraz, Shaikh Muhammad, 6 and teachings of Ibn al- ëArabi, 53–54 Eknath (poet-saint), 132, 151 arrival and reception in Gulbarga, 47, 51–52 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1, 3 his title, 35–36 Ethiopia (Christian kingdom) importance of career, 33 early history, 107 importance of shrine, 33, 54–55, 166 king identified with Prester John, obliged to shift residence, 52 107 predicts/appoints future Bahmani rulers, 54 source of slaves, 107–10 succeeds Shaikh Nasir al-Din Mahmud, Ethiopians, 72 36 see also Habshis supports Ahmad Bahmani, 52 212 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-25484-7 - A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives Richard M. Eaton Index More information index theological controversies, 53 Havart, Daniel (Dutch traveler), 159 see also Firuz Bahmani Hawkins, William (traveler), 126 Goa (city), 51, 70 Herat (city), 102 captured by Mahmud Gawan, 71 hero stones, 137, 138 captured