Hawke's Bay Biodiversity Inventory Current State of Knowledge August 2014 HBRC Report No. RM 13/23 – 4554 Resource Management Group ISSN 2324-4127 (PRINT) ISSN 2324-4135 (ONLINE) 159 Dalton Street . Napier 4110 Private Bag 6006 Napier 4142 Telephone (06) 835 9200 Fax (06) 835 3601 Regional Freephone (06) 0800 108 838 Environmental Science - Land Science Hawke's Bay Biodiversity Inventory Current State of Knowledge August 2014 HBRC Report No. RM 13/23 – 4554 Prepared By: Keiko Hashiba, Resource Analyst Oliver Wade, Coastal Scientist Warwick Hesketh, Land Management Advisor Reviewed By: Stephen Swabey - Manager Science Approved By: Iain Maxwell - Group Manager – Resource Management Group Signed: ISSN 2324-4127 (PRINT) ISSN 2324-4135 (ONLINE) © Copyright: Hawke's Bay Regional Council Version 3 Contents Executive summary ....................................................................................................................... 7 1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Purpose and Structure of the Report .................................................................................... 8 2.1 Purpose of the Biodiversity Inventory ................................................................................ 8 2.2 Structure of the report ........................................................................................................ 9 3 Vulnerable species and their habitats ................................................................................... 9 3.1 Method ............................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Key findings ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1 Known key habitat types for ‘Threatened’ or ‘At Risk’ species ......................... 11 3.2.2 Threats ............................................................................................................... 11 3.3 Knowledge gap .................................................................................................................. 16 3.4 Where to from here – Threatened Species ...................................................................... 18 3.5 Recommendations – vulnerable species and their habitats ............................................. 18 4 Representative habitat types ............................................................................................. 19 Terrestrial ................................................................................................................................... 20 4.1 Indigenous vegetation ...................................................................................................... 20 4.1.1 Method .............................................................................................................. 20 Classification of indigenous vegetation types ................................................................... 20 Extent of indigenous vegetation ....................................................................................... 20 Threat status of indigenous habitat types based on remaining extent ............................ 21 4.1.2 Vegetation-based indigenous habitat types ...................................................... 22 4.1.3 Extent of indigenous vegetation ........................................................................ 22 4.1.4 Threat status of each habitat type .................................................................... 25 4.1.5 Applications and limitations of the national databases .................................... 26 4.2 Where to from here – indigenous vegetation .................................................................. 26 4.3 Recommendations – indigenous vegetation .................................................................... 27 Freshwater ................................................................................................................................. 28 4.4 Rivers and Streams ............................................................................................................ 28 4.4.1 Tools and methods ............................................................................................ 28 4.4.2 River habitat types ............................................................................................. 29 4.4.3 Changes in the freshwater macroinvertebrate community .............................. 32 4.4.4 Identification of significant river habitats using FENZ and RiVAS ..................... 32 4.5 Freshwater wetlands......................................................................................................... 36 Hawke's Bay Biodiversity Inventory 7 August 2014 8.50 a.m. Version 3 4.5.1 Method .............................................................................................................. 36 4.5.2 Wetland habitat types of Hawke’s Bay.............................................................. 37 4.5.3 Changes in wetland extents .............................................................................. 37 4.5.4 Threats for wetland habitats ............................................................................. 39 4.6 Lakes.................................................................................................................................. 39 4.7 Where to from here - Freshwater ..................................................................................... 39 4.7.1 Rivers ................................................................................................................. 39 4.7.2 Freshwater wetlands ......................................................................................... 40 4.7.3 Lakes .................................................................................................................. 40 4.8 Recommendations – freshwater ....................................................................................... 41 Coastal and Marine ..................................................................................................................... 42 4.9 Coastal ............................................................................................................................... 44 4.9.1 Method .............................................................................................................. 44 4.9.2 Coastal habitat types ......................................................................................... 44 4.9.3 Changes in coastal habitats ............................................................................... 46 4.10 Marine 47 4.10.1 Method .............................................................................................................. 47 4.10.2 Marine habitat types ......................................................................................... 47 4.10.3 Changes in marine habitats ............................................................................... 47 4.11 Where to from here (Coastal and Marine) ....................................................................... 48 4.12 Recommendations – coastal and marine ......................................................................... 48 Historically Rare Terrestrial Ecosystems ....................................................................................... 49 4.13 Method 49 4.14 ‘Historically Rare Terrestrial Ecosystems’ found in Hawke’s Bay ..................................... 49 4.15 Where to from here – Historically Rare Terrestrial Ecosystems ....................................... 49 4.16 Recommendations - Historically Rare Terrestrial Ecosystems .......................................... 50 5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 51 6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 52 7 Glossary of abbreviations and terms .................................................................................. 53 8 References ........................................................................................................................ 54 Appendix A List of available data ............................................................................................ 62 Appendix B New Zealand Threat Classification System ............................................................ 66 Appendix C Threatened birds and their habitat requirements for Hawke’s Bay........................ 67 Hawke's Bay Biodiversity Inventory 7 August 2014 8.50 a.m. Version 3 Appendix D Habitat types defined by vegetation types and descriptions for Hawke’s Bay ........ 72 Appendix E Recommended Areas for Protection .................................................................... 85 Appendix F Proposed terrestrial biodiversity indicators and measures .................................... 86 Appendix G River Habitat Types for Hawke’s Bay .................................................................... 88 River habitat types (in FENZ classes) represented in Hawke’s Bay Regional Council’s State of the Environment monitoring programme .................................................................... 92 Appendix H Historically Rare Terrestrial Ecosystems ..............................................................