International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Vol-6, Iss-4, Spl. Issue-1 Nov.-2018, http://iraj.in EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY STATUS OF MAHI RIVER IN GUJARAT REGION HIMANI PANDEY 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.S.K.V. Kachchh University, Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat-370001. 2Asst Prof., Institute of Technology and Management, Universe Vadodara, Gujarat. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the water quality of Mahi River in Gujarat Region. Mahi river covers three states Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Mahi river is one of the longest river which passes from Gujarat. It originates from Madhya Pradesh and confluences at Gulf of Khambhat. In the present study seasonal variability of various physical, chemical and biological parameters was studied during the period of May 2016 to April 2017. This study was conceived in order to bring to light the present status of Mahi River in terms of its water quality and the impact of heavy metal pollutants on the chosen biota at the receiving coastal water body. Keywords - Water Pollution, Water Quality, Effluent. I. INTRODUCTION manufacture, pesticide, pigment manufacture, printing and photographic industries, etc., (Kadirvelu Gujarat is located on the north-western shores of et al., 2001a). Mahi river which is a perennial river India, which lies between 20°01’ and 24° 07’ north flows around 12 km from Vadodara city. There are latitudes and 10’ and 74° 28’ east longitudes. Gujarat many industries situated on the southern bank of the State has common borders with Rajasthan, Madhya river. An effluent channel from the industrial area Pradesh and Maharashtra States in North, East and heads towards the estuarine end of river and South respectively and with Pakistan in North-West. discharges the effluent in Mahi river near Sarod in With its proliferating coastal industries, river and near Bharuch district. This channel contains treated coastal water pollution in Gujarat is on the raise, industrial effluent from various small and large necessitating long term scientific investigation. industrial units. During high tide these effluent are Gujarat has four major rivers Narmada, Sabarmati, taken upstream and thus pollute the entire estuarine Tapi &Mahi. Rivers and their catchments are highly region. A small tributary, Mini river flows through important parts of the natural heritage. Rivers have the industrial area and meets Mahi river near Sindrot, been utilized by mankind for thousands of years to which is located in the upper estuarine region .Mini the extent that few of them are now in their natural river is usually laden with raw industrial effluent and condition (Ngoye and Machiwa, 2004).Industrial thus further pollute Mahi river. (Sharma, 1995). Over development results in the generation of industrial the years, continued discharges and proliferation of effluents, and the release of untreated or treated small and medium industries in this area discharging effluents result in water, sediment and soil pollution pollutants into Mahi river either as a point or non- (Fakayode and Onianwa2002, Fakayode 2005). point source further degraded the river water quality Water is the ultimate receptor of all the hazardous and the near coastal water where the river and toxic waste released from various industries into confluences with the sea. The water quality both fresh and marine water bodies. Pollutants measurements are important for minimizing originating from terrestrial sources adversely affect industrial, mining or navigational accidents that cause the water bodies and the surrounding environment, short-term pollutant releases into or along river. The thus producing deleterious effect on the biota of the monitoring will be beneficial to warn downstream receiving water body and their biodiversity. users and to mitigate secondary damages (Srivastava Cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, lead, mercury, cobalt, et al., 2011).The present proposal was conceived with manganese and chromium are often detected in an aim to investigate the pollution status of Mahi industrial waste waters, which originate from metal river and the near coastal water quality in the vicinity plating, mining activities, smelting, battery of confluence at selected sites. manufacture, tanneries, petroleum refining, paint Study Area: Total six sampling locations were selected and samples were taken for the further investigations. Sample code and details S. No. Sample code Description of sampling location ECP channel at J, Point at Mahi River Estuarine Zone, Sarod, Jambusar- 1 JP Global position-N=22011.107'-E=072042.818',MSL-3 meters 2 M-1 Sea water quality at Thambeshwar Temple, mixing point-1,around 7-8 Evaluation of Water Quality Status of Mahi River in Gujarat Region 25 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Vol-6, Iss-4, Spl. Issue-1 Nov.-2018, http://iraj.in kms from ECP discharge point-Global position-N=22013.027'- E=072037.006',MSL-7 meters Sea water quality at Rupeshwar Temple, mixing point-2,around 2-3 kms 3 M-2 from ECP discharge point-Global position-N=22O11.648'- E=072041.293',MSL-4 meters River Mahi estuary at Gambhira bridge, Padra, around 15 kms U/s from 4 E-1 ECP discharge point and after confluence of Mini river-Global position- N=22015.678'-E=072059.967',MSL-10 meters River Mahi at Sindhrod bridge, Padra, U/s of GIDC,Nandesari, 5 E-2 Vadodara and around 6kms u/s from point no.E-1-Global position- N=22020.493'-E=073003.082',MSL-10 meters II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 12 physico-chemical parameters and 9 trace metals were analyzed using standard methods (APHA).The surface water samples were collected from the six identified sampling locations in triplicates during the month of April 2017 to May 2018.For the analysis of DO the water samples were collected and stored in 300 ml BOD bottle and fixed on site by using MnSO4 and Alkaline Iodide-Azide solution. For the analysis of rest all parameters water samples were collected and stored in one liter plastic bottles. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Parameters Sample Location NH - Code pH Cond. Salinity D.O. COD BOD 3 TKN N ECP channel at J, Point at Mahi River Estuarine Zone, Sarod, JP Jambusar- Global position- 7.16 21000 10.258 NR 3268 556 80.60 101.64 N=22011.107'- E=072042.818',MSL-3 meters Sea water quality at Thambeshwar Temple, mixing point-1,around 7-8 kms from M-1 8.31 44000 27.773 6.3 405 2.3 0.798 2.80 ECP discharge point-Global position-N=22013.027'- E=072037.006',MSL-7 meters Sea water quality at Rupeshwar Temple, mixing point-2,around 2-3 kms from ECP discharge M-2 7.96 43000 27.071 6.3 334 6.0 0.798 2.24 point-Global position- N=22O11.648'- E=072041.293',MSL-4 meters River Mahi estuary at Gambhira bridge, Padra, around 15 kms U/s from ECP discharge point E-1 and after confluence of Mini 9.85 1630 0.821 9.3 52 8.6 2.13 4.20 river-Global position- N=22015.678'- E=072059.967',MSL-10 meters River Mahi at Sindhrod bridge, Padra, U/s of GIDC,Nandesari, Vadodara and around 6kms u/s E-2 9.71 488 0.222 11.4 13.6 1.5 0.032 1.96 from point no.E-1-Global position-N=22020.493'- E=073003.082',MSL-10 meters Parameters Sample Location Code O-PO - T. 4 Cl- Phenols O&G P Phosphorous Evaluation of Water Quality Status of Mahi River in Gujarat Region 26 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Vol-6, Iss-4, Spl. Issue-1 Nov.-2018, http://iraj.in ECP channel at J, Point at Mahi River Estuarine Zone, Sarod, Jambusar- Global JP NR NR NR 5.030 29.40 position-N=22011.107'- E=072042.818',MSL-3 meters Sea water quality at Thambeshwar Temple, mixing point-1,around 7-8 kms M-1 from ECP discharge point-Global 0.0954 0.09334 21067.0 0.150 2.76 position-N=22013.027'- E=072037.006',MSL-7 meters Sea water quality at Rupeshwar Temple, mixing point-2,around 2-3 kms from ECP M-2 discharge point-Global position- 0.1447 0.10499 21165.0 0.089 2.14 N=22O11.648'-E=072041.293',MSL-4 meters River Mahi estuary at Gambhira bridge, Padra, around 15 kms U/s from ECP E-1 discharge point and after confluence of 0.1227 0.24860 715.0 0.089 1.96 Mini river-Global position-N=22015.678'- E=072059.967',MSL-10 meters River Mahi at Sindhrod bridge, Padra, U/s of GIDC,Nandesari, Vadodara and E-2 around 6kms u/s from point no.E-1- BDL 0.17097 40.2 0.065 0.24 Global position-N=22020.493'- E=073003.082',MSL-10 meters Note: Except Conductivity all other results expressed in mg/L. Conductivity is expressed in µmhos/cm& Salinity in psu. BDL-Below detectable limit, NR-Not required Table-1 First phase sampling date:-12-05-2016 (Physico-chemical parameters) Parameters Sample Location NH - Code pH Cond. Salinity D.O. COD BOD 3 TKN N ECP channel at J, Point at Mahi River Estuarine Zone, Sarod, JP Jambusar- Global position- 7.61 13400 6.072 NR 1519 256 87.85 136.10 N=22011.107'- E=072042.818',MSL-3 meters Sea water quality at Thambeshwar Temple, mixing point-1,around 7-8 kms from M-1 7.76 34000 20.867 6.5 389 2.4 0.926 4.63 ECP discharge point-Global position-N=22013.027'- E=072037.006',MSL-7 meters Sea water quality at Rupeshwar Temple, mixing point-2,around 2-3 kms from ECP discharge M-2 7.63 28000 16.495 6.7 343 6.2 1.270 6.22 point-Global position- N=22O11.648'- E=072041.293',MSL-4 meters River Mahi estuary at Gambhira bridge, Padra, around 15 kms U/s from ECP discharge point E-1 and after confluence of Mini 8.57 590 0.275 6.2 40.8 7.4 1.460 5.95 river-Global position- N=22015.678'- E=072059.967',MSL-10 meters River Mahi at Sindhrod bridge, Padra, U/s of GIDC, Nandesari, E-2 8.33 270 0.128 8.5 14.5 4.5 0.66 4.10 Vadodara and around 6kms u/s from point no.E-1-Global Evaluation of Water Quality Status of Mahi River in Gujarat Region 27 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Vol-6, Iss-4, Spl.