Initial Environmental Examination July 2018 Sri Lanka: Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project: Munai Protected Landing Site in Jaffna District Prepared by Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development and Rural Economic Affairs for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination Report- Final Draft Report July 2018 (Updated 23.07.2018) Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project Development of Protected Landing site at Munai in Jaffna District Prepared by the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Development and Rural Economic Affairs, Sri Lankan Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). EML Consultants (Pvt) Ltd CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (AS OF 10 May 2018) Currency Unit Sri Lanka Rupee 1 US$ = 157.6 LKR 0.0067US$ = 1 LKR ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BPPE Business Promoters and Partners Engineering Coast Conservation and Coastal Resources Management CCCRMD Department CD Chart Datum CEA Central Environment Authority CEB Ceylon Electricity Board DFAR Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DO dissolved oxygen DoA Department of Archaeology DS District Secretariat DWC Department of Wildlife Conservation EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone FD Forest Department GN Grama Niladhari GOSL Government of Sri Lanka GSMB Geological Survey and Mines Bureau IEE Initial Environmental Examination IMT Incident Management Team MEPA Marine Environment Protection Authority MFARD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development MHWS Mean High-Water Spring Tides MoA Minister of Agriculture MoL Ministry of Lands NPC Northern Provincial Council NWSDB National Water Supply and Drainage Board PAA Project Approving Authority PAI Project Area of Influence PS Pradeshiya Sabha RDA Road Development Authority SMA Special Management Areas SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TDS Total Suspended Solids ii GLOSSARY Adaptation The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects (IPCC, 2014). Anchorage A location/development that includes Marine Structures or Dredging (fishery) to provide shelter for Fiber Reinforced Plastic Boats with Outboard Engines OFRP boats and Traditional Crafts (TCs) with or without OBEs (i.e. Mechanized or Non-Mechanized) Aquatic Living aquatic organisms and includes any seaweed, phytoplankton Resources or other aquatic flora and non-living substances found in an aquatic medium (Government of Sri Lanka, 2016). Biological Variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter diversity alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. (UN, 1992b). Climate Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. The relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. {WGI, II, III}, (IPCC, 2014). Climate Change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by change using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. Note that the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as: „a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods‟. The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between climate change attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition and climate variability attributable to natural causes. See also Detection and Attribution. {WGI, II, III}, (IPCC, 2014). Coastal The right of the public, to approach, enter or use an approach to access enter into, or to go along a coastal margin in a physical and visual sense and also includes access along the shoreline, usually a strip of plan parallel to the waters edge or path or trail which connects the nearest public roadway with a shoreline destination along a reasonable direct route or access to the shoreline from a public road to the Mean High Water Level (Government of Sri Lanka, 2011). iii Coastal zone The area lying within a limit of three hundred metres landwards of the Mean High Water line and a limit of two kilometres seawards of the Mean Low Water Line and in the case of rivers, streams, lagoons, or any other body of water connected to the sea either permanently or periodically, the landward boundary shall extend to a limit of two kilometres measured perpendicular to the straight base line drawn between the natural entrance points thereof and shall include the waters of such rivers, streams and lagoons or any other body of water so connected to the sea, and shall also include the area lying within a further extended limit of one hundred metres inland from the zero Mean Sea Level along the periphery;" (Government of Sri Lanka, 2011). Critical habitat A subset of both natural and modified habitat that deserves particular attention. Critical habitat includes areas with high biodiversity value, including habitat required for the survival of critically endangered or endangered species; areas having special significance for endemic or restricted-range species; sites that are critical for the survival of migratory species; areas supporting globally significant concentrations or numbers of individuals of congregatory species; areas with unique assemblages of species or that are associated with key evolutionary processes or provide key ecosystem services; and areas having biodiversity of significant social, economic, or cultural importance to local communities (ADB, 2009). Fish Any water dwelling aquatic or marine animal, alive or not, and includes their eggs, spawn, spat and juvenile stages, and any of their parts, and includes all organisms belonging to sedentary species (Government of Sri Lanka, 2016). Fishery A location/development that includes only Shore Facilities to landing site provide shelter for OFRP Boats and Traditional Crafts (TCs) with or without OBEs (i.e. Mechanized or Non-Mechanized) (UoM, 2016a). Impacts Effects on natural and human systems. In this report, the term impacts is used primarily to refer to the effects on natural and human systems of extreme weather and climate events and of climate change. Impacts generally refer to effects on lives, livelihoods, health, ecosystems, economies, societies, cultures, services and infrastructure due to the interaction of climate changes or hazardous climate events occurring within a specific time period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts and sea-level rise, are a subset of impacts called physical impacts (IPCC, 2014). Physical Defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups cultural of structures, and natural features and lanSCapes that have resources archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings and may be above or below ground or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial, national, or international level (ADB, 2009). iv Precautionary Noting also that where there is a threat of significant reduction or principle loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat (UN, 1992b). Project Area/s Is defined for this report as the physical area (marine, coastal and land) of the project that is directly impacted by the projects scope of works. It includes associated areas that are directly impacted such as quarry sites. Project Area Is defined for this report as the physical area (marine, coastal and of Influence land) that surrounds the Project Area that maybe impacted by the projects scope of works. This as defined under Sri Lankan regulations