lElrlsnpul ro1 uo!lelcossy ^EoloaErlcry ]Sy{OCOIS W V'Ifr{Vd A8 ofrro3 oNV OlltdnoC --.rf E 'l ;l fulHsI.tlm ro ACO'tOfVHCUV 1V lursnoNt fHI or 30rnc v co rElTs INTRODUCTION 1 SWINDON 41 KENNET 3 WEST W LTSHIRE 45 NORTH WILTSHIBE 12 BIBLIOGFAPHY 65 SAL SBURY 28 Each gazetteer entry has a etter or letters and a number that re ate to the location maps and the index A Nationa Grid Reference s g ven to a d accurate locaton. S tes are listed in the iour W ltshire Districts and Swlndon Unitary Authority (part of historic Wilshire) by civil parish from the west The abbrev at ons Ll, Lll* and Lll reler to a s te's isted bui ding status, and SAIII indlcates a Sched- rrled Ancient l\lonument. NOTE: The lnclusion oi sites in the gazetteer does not lmply publc access. Wheneveryou are in doubt It is always courteous to ask permlsslon to enter a s te. PUBLISHED BY THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 2OO8 O The editor, the Assoc ation Ior lnduslrlal Archaeology and Wiltshlre Archaeologica and Natural History Society Photographs: WANHS lA Committee, Witshire Build ngs Record and Peter Stanier Maps are based on the Ordnance Suwey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey, on behall ol Her Majesty's Stationary Otfice O Crown Copyright lt'lo 100026772 2008 ASSOCIATIO FOB II{DUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY This book is published to mark the AIA s 2008 Conlerence at Wiltshire College Lackham hosted by the Wiltsh re Archaeological and Natura History Soc ety. The AIA was estab ished in 1973 to promote the study of industrial archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research consetuation and publ cat on. l1 aims to support indiv duals and groups nvo ved in the study and recording of pasl ndustrlal activity and the preservation of industrial monumenls, to represent the nterests of industrral archaeo ogy at nalional leve , lo hold conierences and seminars, and to publlsh the results oI research. The Associat on is a voluntary one. lt publishes the lndustrial ArchaeoLogy Bevlew which is sent twice yearly to all members who also receive the quarterly lndustrial Archaeology News. Further delails may be obtained lrom the AIA Liaison Officer, AIA Office, c/o School of Archaeological Studies University of Leicestet Lelcester LE1 7RH. WILTSHIBE ARCHAEOLOGIGAL AI{D IIATUNAL HISTORY SOCIETY The Soclety was founded in 1853 and promotes exploration research and publications on the archaeology, art, h story and nalural h story of Wiltsh re. The Society manages a museum library and art gallery and also has an act ve programme including research, publications, lectures and field visits accompanied by an educational programme for young people. The lndustr al Archaeology Committee conlributes towards the general programme and also organises visits and a Biennial Symposium in Devizes. The Soc ety publishes Wiltshire Studies, The Wiltsh re Archaeological and Natural History l\,4agazine, wh ch nc udes articles on a wide variety of currenl research topics. TheWlltsh re Heritage Museum in Devizeswas iounded in 1853, and is run bythe W ltshrre Archaeologi caland Natural History Soc ety. The collections have been Designated as having Nationa Significance, and there are around half a m llon objects, only a lraction of which can be on display at any time For more information about membersh p, the l\y'useum and the Library, please vlsit the website www wiltsh reheritage.org uk or telephone 01380 727369. ACKl{OWLEDGE]'E1{TS This guide is based (with the r permission) on the previous work of lvl chael Corfie d and Peler Stanier lt also incorporates fleldwork by K. H. Rogers, D. Pollard, N. Mccamley and numerous others. The records of Engllsh Heritage and the W ltshlre Bui dings Record have proved valuable. I wou d like to thank fellow members of WANHS lndustr a Archaeology Committee for their contributions, especially John Bil ingham for hrs visits to railway sites, and my husband lvor Slocombe tor assistance with typing. COVER ILLUSTBAT ONS ironl cover: NWol: The O d Brewery SlaLrghterford, Biddeslone see page 12 back cover: S77: Fel Works W llon see page 40 tsBr 97a o 956025'l O 4 )l]oM oLuos pue fuoutqceul suielol funqsouJ en se]nlsPd qsnleq] ut o llpc 'sur op oql uo daoqs fupunol qonoql 1o le UodlsoM slcnpold lraql uloll srequ.rnu a6.lel peleot leql tueuodLu poutELuol su €LUol Seupuno] oq] talsutulleM Upde io ollltl qcrqM seulsnpu eql lo IUEUJ dn los elll ut re uosre3 pue I ]e lrl\ t sez^ao 1e ? uMol8 puel lo sreu,Mo ecqse sa 3co pue ctlseuoLu^lunos sno 'uollerE sa^ae8 se qcns ^er\ le sleaut6uo lelnllncu6E -reLUnu eql outllu_.1 lnol] lol lo,uod lele,M opt^old ]o lueLudo a^op otll ol funtuoc qluoolauru oql ur ol passeuleq aloM slitq ouolsoLull plo/(sloc eql pel u.rnl sr stLll fulunoc e qele lo slcpll 06l€l ol pue suaop )lleqc oq] uoll outnsst sto^t] pue ourpEal 'Llonold ol osle eleM'sun] doeqs suJeerls eql 'spleMuo poled uoxes eq1 utoll rol elqelrns os pue)jleqc^seo oql slros 1q6t aq1 lo fuenlse seLueql uoAV-uo ]uPls p aq+ ol ssolce lsea elnol slr qltM quou aql -propprE pue ,ileulltqc 'prpdld e4^lc le saulenb u seureqt 6uno^ oql ptp osle os pue qlnos pue auolseu roqlo olaM oloql ueqsloc pue I lseMquou aqt 01 lseoc oqt 01 uodsuell ql^ uo 6 xo8 ^ueo 'sourenb ]e euolsoo4 alqene^ aql -er pe)icorpuel stql pepr^old uo v funqsrtes eql d qsrauMo^qelou pep]en6 pue Jo lso]ol lo seo]e a6tel pue uo^v lols lg aqt snou.lel puoM oJe funqo^v peu elu eu..r sreqto pue 6urrl eql teolo uol pup obuoleJots sluaunJou p-e s ool 6Jt)ler! polro^ pue areq^ esla pup uouo)co.lc^oluels 'oulollod roJ saur 1 c lols qold ut peltoldxe o]o^ ouols sarouod poqsrqelso uo^v le lols lE aq] lo uosres lo ssoupleq oqt pue lu ssoudleqs aql ^elle u ]o lsy{ocols 'y{ a orrcnoourr{t a6prqMort'slry! uousv : t6MM a tl I \ -l ? I I tll tgytrocols 't'r 'd Iq patlpl lurHs.rlt ro acotoSvHcuv lytursno r llHl ol,otoo v conlinues there. Whalley's foundryat Pewsey has the railways allowed rapid transporl ol milk to become an interesting visitor centre. Also result- urban centres, and condensories at Salisbury, rng f.om the arable area were corn exchanges rn Staverton and Chippenham tinned the product market towns such as Warminste( Devizes and giving it a long lile. Finally, pig rearing utilising Chippenham and the many ,ormer malthouses the whey irom cheese making led to large bacon and breweries in the county. Some ike the Seven factories like Harris s at Calne, towering over the Stars Brewery at Bradford-on-Avon and the town but now gone and Bowyers at Trowbridge, Belmont Brewery Swindon are truly spectacular soon to disappeal lt is not surprising that with buildings- ln conkasl other sheep and corn area so many cattle, sheep and pigs being raised on industries have lett little tracei welland dewpond the county's farms, a leather industry thrived for diggingand sheep bell making for example. Horse ceniuries. Around Westbury especially, as in East trainrng on the sprngy tud of the downs grew rn Somerset, gloving was prominent. Charles Case importance in the nineteenth cenlury and some & Son ol Boyers l\,,lill, Westbury pioneered, after major yards remain today. 1900, the chrome tanning of kid leather ior shoe From the latenineteenth century onwards the high uppers. The new 43098 has largely destroyed open downs also proved suitable for military en- the site. campments and manoeuvres and tor earlyllying. lndustries associated with the greensand and clay The relative )proximity ol the ports of Southampton areas were flax growing (especially around l\,1ere and Portsmouth aided embarkation for loreign where cheesecloth and ticking were made), hoF theatres ol war. During World War ll new military ticulture (near Calne and Devizes)and brick-mak- sites were established, especially in the Corsham ing which was widespread. For a while at Seend area, near abandoned stone mines where large and Westbury, iron smelting was carried out but quantiiies of ammunition were stored and some coal had to be brought in from the Mendips. war work carried out underground. Prehistoric land routes over the downs, notably Manyof theearlywatermillswereconverledlrom the Ridgeway, were later augmented by drovers' grisllofulling as the cloth trade developed. Hand- roads and wagon routesfrom the southwest to the weaving probably reached its peak in thefitteenth London markets. The position ol the Great Bath and sixteenth centuries but al the industrial revolu- Road varied overlime, avoiding ditlicult hills. lt led tion ce(ain areas olthe counly benefited from the to prosperous inns such as the Lansdowne Arms early adoption o, first water-powered machinery at Calne, The Bear at Devlzes and the Castle lnn and then the building of steam-driven factories. at Marlborough (now part ofthe public school). ln [/any factories have survived rrom this period in a the eighteenth century a network ol turnpike roads variety of uses including the rubber industry was developed, accompanied around 1800 by a '1840s The cattle rearing of the clay vale persisted lor canal syslem and, lrom the on, raikays. On many centuries and still continues, centred on the GWR main line, BoxTunnel, Chippenham Via- lewer and larger larms. The products included duct and theworks and railwayvillage at Swindon fat steers, some bred originally in Wales and are important monumentstothe achievements of taken by drovers to the London markets, also Brunel.