THESIS REPORT Analysis on Fixed and Mobile WiMAX By Umar Tariq Umer Naeem Jilani Tauseef Ahmad Siddiqui MS in Electrical Engineering majors in Telecommunications Blekinge Institute of Technology Blekinge Institute of Technology 2007 THESIS REPORT Analysis on Fixed and Mobile WiMAX By Umar Tariq Umer Naeem Jilani Tauseef Ahmed Siddiqui MS in Electrical Engineering majors in Telecommunications Project Advisor: Tommy Hult Deliverable: Report: 1 Volume Blekinge Institute of Technology 2007 I Submission Performa Name University Number Email Umar Tariq 830321-P372 [email protected] Umer Naeem Jilani 830318-P138 [email protected] Tauseef Ahmad Siddiqui 810802-P356 [email protected] Title of Project: Analysis of Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Supervisor: Tommy Hult This report is submitted as required for the Project in accordance with the rules laid down by the Blekinge Institute of Technology as part of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters of Engineering. I declare that the work presented in this report is my own except where due reference or acknowledgement is given to the work of others. Signature of students Date (1)…………………………….. ……………………. (2)……………………………. ……………………. (3)…………………………….. ……………………. Signature of Supervisor Date …………………………. ………………………. Analysis of Fixed WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX II Acknowledgements We first would like to thank our honorable Supervisor Tommy Hult for his devotion of time to our project and to provide the facility. Secondly we appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions from Miss Kim Ngan and who helped us in our project as well as sharing their expertise and their knowledge of the subject which allowed us to complete our project effectively and efficiently in time. Finally we would like to thank the library of BTH for providing us the relevant material relating WiMAX. At this point I would also like to thank all the faculty members who helped us in many possible ways for our success of project. We would like to thank our families for the support and precious prayers which helped us in continuing our project even in desperate times when we got stuck in the project. Last but not the least I would like to thank Almighty GOD for giving us HIS blessings, dedication and the motivation to fulfill our goals in completing the project. Analysis of Fixed WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX III Abstract WiMAX which represents World Interoperability for Microwave Access is a major part of broadband wireless network having IEEE 802.16 standard provides innovative fixed as well as mobile platform for broadband internet access anywhere in anytime. This thesis provides the detail about the two main applications of WiMAX which are fixed WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX. Fixed WiMAX 802.16 delivers point to multipoint broadband wireless access to our homes and offices. Whereas Mobile WiMAX gives full mobility of cellular networks at higher broadband speeds than other broadband networks like Wi-Fi. Both applications of WiMAX are designed in a proper network planning which is helpful to offer better throughput broadband wireless connectivity at a much lower cost. Analysis of Fixed WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX IV Table of contents SUBMISSION PERFORMA……………………………………………………………I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………….II ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….III CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO FIXED WIMAX………………………………..1 1.1 PHYSICAL LAYER OF WIMAX............................................................................. 2 1.2 FUNCTIONS OF PHY............................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 OFDM of WiMAX ......................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 TDD and FDD................................................................................................. 4 1.2.3 Adaptive Antenna System (AAS)................................................................... 5 1.3 VARIANTS OF FIXED WIMAX.............................................................................. 5 1.3.1 OFDM Variants 2-11 GHz.............................................................................. 5 1.3.2 Wireless MAN OFDM.................................................................................... 6 1.4 WIRELESS MAN-OFDMA .................................................................................. 8 1.4.1 Wireless High Speed Metro Area Network (Wireless HUMAN) .................. 9 1.4.2 Single Carrier (SC) Variants........................................................................... 9 1.4.3 Wireless Man SC 10-66 GHz ......................................................................... 9 1.4.4 Uplinks (ULs)............................................................................................... 10 1.4.5 Downlinks (DLs).......................................................................................... 11 1.4.6 DL Subframe................................................................................................. 13 1.4.7 Wireless MAN Single Carrier Access 2-11GHz .......................................... 14 1.4.8 Components contained in a Wireless MAN-SCa 2-11 GHz......................... 15 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO MAC LAYER…………………………………16 2.1 MAC AND WIMAX ARCHITECTURE ................................................................. 16 2.2 SERVICE CLASSES AND QOS .............................................................................. 19 2.3 SERVICE-SPECIFIC CONVERGENCE SUBLAYERS................................................. 21 2.1.1 Common part Sublayer ................................................................................. 22 2.1.2 MAC PDU Formats ...................................................................................... 22 2.1.3 Transmission of MAC PDUs and SDUs....................................................... 23 2.4 PACKING AND FRAGMENTATION........................................................................ 24 2.5 PDU CREATION AND AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST ........................................ 25 2.1.4 PHY Level Support and Frame Structure ..................................................... 25 Analysis of Fixed WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX V CHAPTER 3 TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE LAYER……………………….26 3.1 WORKING OF WIMAX....................................................................................... 27 3.2 CHANNEL ACQUISITIONS ................................................................................... 28 3.2.1 Initial Ranging and Negotiating of SS Capabilities...................................... 28 CHAPTER 4 RADIO LINK CONTROL………………..……………………………29 4.1 THE UL.............................................................................................................. 34 4.2 SERVICE FLOW................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS WIMAX SPECTRUM……………………………………35 5.1 SPECTRUM CHARACTERISTIC............................................................................. 40 5.2 BAND DISTINCTIONS.......................................................................................... 41 5.3 CURRENT REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT............................................................ 44 5.3.1 Power Limits................................................................................................. 44 5.3.2 WiMAX relationship to FCC part 15 Section 247........................................ 45 5.3.3 Federal Communication Commission Part 15 Section 407 .......................... 46 5.4 WIMAX LICENSES AND SPECTRUM................................................................... 47 5.4.1 Regional Analysis......................................................................................... 47 5.5 COUNTRIES ALLOWING MOBILITY FOR WIMAX IN 3.5GHZ ............................. 50 5.5.1 BWA/WiMAX Amount of Spectrum per Carrier by Region ....................... 50 CHAPTER 6 WIMAX THROUGHPUT……………………………………………...51 6.1 MULTIPLE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY IN WIMAX ............................................... 55 CHAPTER 7 WIMAX THREAT ANALYSIS………..………………………………56 7.1 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 58 7.2 ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 60 7.3 PHYSICAL LAYER THREATS ............................................................................... 61 7.4 MAC LAYER THREATS ...................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 8 COUNTERING INTERFERENCE……………………………………64 8.1 EXTERNAL SOURCES OF INTERFERENCE ............................................................ 76 8.1.1 Changing Channels within the ISM or U-NII Bands.................................... 76 8.1.2 Dealing with Distance................................................................................... 76 Analysis of Fixed WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX VI 8.1.3 Engineering with Power................................................................................ 77 8.2 INTERNAL (COCH) SOURCES OF INTERFERENCE ................................................ 78 8.2.1 Multipath Distortion and Fade Margin ......................................................... 78 8.2.2 OFDM in Overcoming Interference.............................................................. 78 8.3 HANDLING ISI.................................................................................................... 80 CHAPTER 9 WIMAX COMPARISION WITH WIFI………………………………81 9.1 FREQUENCY BAND