Maximum Marks: 100 QP Code-32366 Q.1.A. a) Mahim Creek b)Powai lake c) Juhu Beach, Aksa beach etc. d) Sides of Mahim Creem, Malad, Creek, Manori Creek, Etc. e) Mahim Nature Park or any other f) Haji Ali, Mahalakshmi, Siddhivinayak or any other religious place g) Near Air Port or any noise pollution site. h) Malabar hill i) Mithi River, Poisar river etc. j) Deonar, Kanjurmarg etc. Q. 1. B. a) Ratnagiri District b) Sindhudurg Fort or any other c) Tarapur d) Jawhar, Matheran, Amboli etc. e) Bordi, Dahanu, Kelwa or any other beach in Palghar District f) Thane, Kalyan or any other g) Vasai Creek h) Nearby river or any flood prone area can be located. i) Any site can be located (landslide in ghats) j) Vajreshwari or any other. Q.2A. Sources of Waste: House or Residence, Industry, Market, Shopping Mall, Agricultural Field, Constructional Site, Any Institution, Hospital and Clinic etc with example B. Impacts of waste on environment • Solid waste contaminates water, air, land etc. • Can choke drains • Burning of wastes creates air pollution • Radioactive waste materials having impact on soil livestock etc. • Due to pollution processes of photosynthesis obstructed • Dumping of wastes spread foul smell and results in to different disease etc. OR C. Role of Citizens in Waste Management • Citizen can adopt eco-friendly lifestyle • They can create sustainable society • Segregation of waste at source • Adoption of conservation practice • Buyback policy etc 1 D. Efforts made by MCGM in Management of Waste • Public participation: Advance locality management • Clean-up marshals • Slum Adoption program • Create public awareness campaign through information, education and communication strategy • Development of sustainable society with zero waste etc Q.3 A. land Degradation: land degradation is the process where quality of land deteriorate gradually due to human activity in agricultural field. Causes of decline of agricultural productivity: i) Depletion of soil nutrition ii) overgrazing iii) Over irrigation iv)salinization of soil v) monoculture etc B. Industrial activity is having direct environmental impact. Industry and environmental problems can be explained in different way-i) Industrial activity and local level environmental problems like- Air, water, land and noise pollution. ii) Industrial activity and regional level of environmental problems-like Acid rain etc iii) Industrial activity and global level of environmental problems-like global warming,ozone depletion etc. OR C. Malnutrition: Any shortfall in quality or quantity of food intake is known as malnutrition. Causes of malnutrition: Non-availability of food, diet in which nutrition are not enough or are too much, Poverty and food prices-poor socio economic condition, low agricultural productivity results non-availability of food etc. Effects of malnutrition: Effects on growth and development of body, shortens the life of people, different types of diseases like marasmus, rickets, beri-beri, anaemia etc D. Green Consumerism: Green consumerism is the practice of using environmental friendly products that do not cause risk for human health and do not threaten the function of diversity to natural ecosystem. Green consumerism can be promoted through – standards and mandatory labels, subsidies and incentives, communication campaign, education, advertising etc. Q.4.A. Positive impact of tourism on environment: • Tourism helps to maintain and improve environment • Environmental laws more effectively implemented • Helps to increase the awareness about environmental problems. • Significantly contribute to environmental protection, conservation etc. Negative impact of tourism on environment • Destruction of natural environment • Creates different types of pollution • Wildlife habitat gets damaged • Put pressure on natural environment etc. 2 B. New Tourism policy in India: Tourism policy in India is built in 7 mantras. Policy aimed at increasing number of domestic and international tourist. Ministry of tourism launched campaign ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’, ‘Clean India’ etc. 2015 central govt. draft tourism policy. OR C. Challenges for development of tourism: India is having lots of potentiality to development of tourism, still faces many challenges for development of tourism like- i) lack of access and connectivity ii) lack of proper infrastructure iii) less amenities iv) lack of marketing and promotion v) security and vi) cybercrime etc. D. New types of tourism: Comparatively new types of tourism in India are - i) Agri-tourism ii) medical tourism iii) Ayur and yoga tourism iii) village tourism iv) island tourism v) gastronomical tourism vi) Eco-tourism etc. Q. 5.A. Environmental management: Environmental management is the optimal use of finite resources between different possible uses. It is necessary because the resources are limited and if these are not used properly it will get exhaust shortly. Environmental pollution is increasing and industries continue to be major cause of environmental problem hence, environmental management is necessary. Environmental management helps to maintain and improve the environmental quality. QB. i) Carbon bank and carbon credit: The concept was initiated in 1997 and implemented in 2005. Carbon bank and carbon credit are components of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentration of green house gases. It can be measured in unit of certified Emission Reduction (CER). Main aim to reduce industrial emission. ii) ISO 14000: The ISO 14000 is related to initiation of concern among industrialist, entrepreneurs and corporates about their responsibility towards preservation of environment. OR C. Chipko Movement: It is probably the world’s most well-known grass root eco- development movement. Chipko movement was famous under the leadership of Gauria devi in 1970’s decade. The movement known for its Gandhian principles of non-violence and advovated by Chandi Prasad Bhat. Save Narmada Movement: The movement was led by ms. Medha Patkar. The movement began its campaign against the Narmada dam for better rehabilitation spread over Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra and today it has become large movement against dam. D. Geospatial technology and its importance: Geospatial technology refers to the techniques and instrument used for collecting, mapping and analysing geographical data of earth’s surface and human societies. 3 This technique is effectively used (Remote Sensing, GIS, GPS) in resource planning and management, traffic control, disaster management, ground water analysis, biological conservation etc. With the help of GST the environmental phenomena can be properly acquired and analysed so the degradation of environment can be minimised and its management be maximised. 4 .