INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy August 2012 numerical numerical numerical Eonothem numerical Series / Epoch Stage / Age age (Ma) Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age Erathem / Era System / Period EonothemErathem / EonSystem / Era / Period EonothemErathem / EonSystem / Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / EonSystem / Era / Period age (Ma) / Eon age (Ma) GSSA GSSP GSSP GSSP GSSP present 145.0 ± 0.8 358.9 ± 0.4 Holocene Tithonian Ediacaran ~ 541 0.0117 Upper 152.1 ±0.9 Famennian ~ 635 0.126 Upper Kimmeridgian Neo- Cryogenian Middle 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic Pleistocene 0.781 372.2 ±1.6 850 Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian 1.806 Callovian 1000 Gelasian 166.1 ±1.2 382.7 ±1.6 Stenian Quaternary 2.588 Bathonian 168.3 ±1.3 Piacenzian Middle Bajocian Givetian 1200 Pliocene 3.600 170.3 ±1.4 Middle 387.7 ±0.8 Meso- Zanclean Aalenian proterozoic Ectasian 5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400 Messinian 393.3 ±1.2 Jurassic Toarcian Calymmian 7.246 Devonian Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 Emsian 1600 11.62 Lower Pliensbachian Statherian Serravallian 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 407.6 ±2.6 Proterozoic Miocene 13.82 Pragian 1800 Langhian Sinemurian 410.8 ±2.8 Neogene Orosirian 15.97 199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo- Burdigalian Hettangian 2050 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 proterozoic 20.44 Mesozoic Rhyacian Aquitanian Rhaetian Pridoli 23.03 ~ 208.5 423.0 ±2.3 2300 Ludfordian 425.6 ±0.9 Cenozoic Chattian Ludlow Gorstian Siderian 28.1 Upper Norian 427.4 ±0.5 Oligocene Homerian 2500 Rupelian Wenlock 430.5 ±0.7 Neo- 33.9 ~ 228 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 Precambrian archean Priabonian Carnian Telychian 2800 38.0 ~ 235 Silurian Bartonian Llandovery 438.5 ±1.1 Meso- 41.3 Triassic Ladinian Aeronian 440.8 ±1.2 archean Eocene Middle ~ 242 Rhuddanian Lutetian Anisian 443.4 ±1.5 3200 47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo- Olenekian 251.2 Ypresian Lower Katian archean Induan Archean Paleogene 252.2 ±0.5 Upper 56.0 Changhsingian 453.0 ±0.7 3600 Thanetian 254.2 ±0.1 59.2 Lopingian Wuchiapingian Sandbian Eo- Paleocene Selandian 458.4 ±0.9 259.9 ±0.4 Paleozoic archean Phanerozoic 61.6 Phanerozoic Capitanian Phanerozoic Darriwilian 4000 Danian 265.1 ±0.4 Middle 66.0 467.3 ±1.1 Guadalupian Wordian Dapingian Hadean Maastrichtian 268.8 ±0.5 470.0 ±1.4 Roadian ~ 4600 72.1 ±0.2 272.3 ±0.5 Ordovician Floian Campanian Kungurian Lower 477.7 ±1.4 279.3 ±0.6 Tremadocian Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global 83.6 ±0.2 Permian Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower Santonian 485.4 ±1.9 Upper 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian boundaries, including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.1 Stage 10 defined by Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts Coniacian ~ 489.5 and detailed information on ratified GSSPs are available at the 89.8 ±0.3 Sakmarian Furongian Jiangshanian website http://www.stratigraphy.org Turonian 295.5 ±0.4 Asselian Paibian ~ 494 93.9 298.9 ±0.2 ~ 497 Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in Cenomanian Gzhelian Guzhangian the Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries Upper 303.7 ±0.1 100.5 Kasimovian ~ 500.5 in the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained 307.0 ±0.1 Series 3 Drumian numerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. Paleozoic Albian Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 Numerical ages for all systems except Triassic, Cretaceous and ~ 113.0 315.2 ±0.2 Stage 5 Mesozoic ~ 509 Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Lower Bashkirian Gradstein et al. (2012); those for the Triassic and Cretaceous were Cretaceous Aptian Stage 4 Pennsylvanian 323.2 ±0.4 provided by the relevant ICS subcommissions. Series 2 ~ 514 ~ 125.0 Upper Serpukhovian Cambrian Stage 3 Barremian 330.9 ±0.2 Lower ~ 129.4 ~ 521 Hauterivian Coloring follows the Commission for the ~ 132.9 Middle Visean Stage 2 Geological Map of the World. http://www.ccgm.org Valanginian Carboniferous 346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian ~ 529 ~ 139.8 Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, S. Finney, P.L. Gibbard Lower Tournaisian Fortunian (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2012 Berriasian Mississippian ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0.