Science Classification Pupil Workbook Year 5 Unit 5 Name: 2 3 Existing Knowledge: Why do we put living things into different groups and what are the groups that we can separate them into? You can think about the animals in the picture and all the others that you know. 4 Session 1: How do we classify animals with a backbone? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary Animals known as vertebrates have a spinal column. Vertebrates Some vertebrates are warm-blooded meaning that they Species maintain a consistent body temperature. Some are cold- Habitat blooded, meaning they need to move around to warm up or cool down. Spinal column Vertebrates are split into five main groups known as Warm-blooded/Cold- mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and fish. blooded Task: Look at the picture here and think about the different groups that each animal is part of. How is each different to the others and which other animals share similar characteristics? Write your ideas here: __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 5 How do we classify animals with a backbone? Vertebrates are the most advanced organisms on Earth. The traits that make all of the animals in this group special are their spinal cords, vertebrae, and notochords. Vertebrae are the individual, interlocking bones that form the spinal column. Vertebrates have a series of nerves along their back. If you are an organism, your nerves need support and protection. Which is why vertebrates have a rod of protective, smooth, elastic tissue (cartilage) in their backs called a notochord. Vertebrates share some other basic characteristics: the cranium (or skull) protects the spinal cord and brain and they reproduce through a male and a female of the same species. There are currently around 65,000 known species of vertebrate. This sounds like a lot, but in actual fact, vertebrates are only around 3% of all the animals on Earth. Vertebrate animals can be either warm-blooded or cold-blooded. A cold-blooded animal cannot maintain a constant body temperature. The temperature of their body is determined by the outside surroundings. Cold-blooded animals will move around during the day between the shade and the sun to warm up or cool down. Cold-blooded animals are ectothermic, which means ‘outside heat’. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are all cold-blooded. Warm-blooded animals are able to regulate their internal temperature. They can sweat or pant to cool off and have fur and feathers to help keep them warm. Warm-blooded animals are called endothermic, meaning ‘heat inside’. Only birds and mammals are warm-blooded. Task: Answer the questions about vertebrates using the information above: 1. What is the name of the tissue that protects the nerves in a vertebrates’ back? ______________________________________________ 2. What is the purpose of the cranium? ______________________________________________ 3. How many species of vertebrate are there? ______________________________________________ 4. What is the difference between a warm-blooded and a cold-blooded animal? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 6 What are the different groups of vertebrates? Animals with a backbone are known as vertebrates. There are five main groups: Fish are cold-blooded animals that live in water and are the only animals to have gills - allowing them to also breathe under water. Fish either live in fresh water or saltwater. They can be covered in scales or have slimy skin. Most will lay eggs, but some give birth to live young. Examples of vertebrates in this category include trout, the great white shark and swordfish. Birds are warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers. When they reproduce they lay eggs. Like all other groups (except fish) they breathe using their lungs. Birds live in a variety of habitats including jungles, forests, deserts and mountains and whilst many stay in the same place, others migrate to warmer areas when the weather changes. Nearly all birds can fly, but there are a few that cannot fly, like the penguin and the ostrich. Some examples of birds are: the bald eagle, robin and flamingo. Mammals are warm-blooded, give birth to live young and feed them milk. They have fur or hair on their bodies. Besides humans, the group of mammals also includes bears, lions, horses, cats, and dogs. Mammals can also be found in a variety of habitats however most live on dry land. Cold-blooded vertebrates are known as amphibians and begin life living in the water with fish-like gill. Later they develop lungs and can also live on dry land. Some animals classed as amphibians are: frogs, toads, and salamanders. The skin of most amphibians is thin and permeable, this means that liquids and gases are able to pass through. It also explains why the habitat of an amphibian is usually hot or humid as this allows them to build up their water reserves using the environment. Finally, reptiles are also vertebrates. They are cold-blooded, and they lay eggs, too. Their skins are covered with scales that are hard and dry. The scaly skin allows them to retain moisture and live in dry, hot habitats and breathe using their lungs. Reptiles include snakes, alligators, crocodiles and lizards, but there are over 7,700 species out there! Task: Fill in the table below using the information: Mammals Amphibians Reptiles Birds Fish Body Hair covering. Habitat Land and water Form of Laying reproduction eggs How it Using its breathes lungs 7 Writing Task: Link each animal to its vertebrate group and describe the characteristics which define it as a part of that group. An example would be that we know a snake is a reptile because it is cold blooded. Can you also explain which of the characteristics make the animal suitable for its habitat and why? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 8 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 9 Session 2: How do we classify animals without a backbone? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary An invertebrate has no inner backbone. Invertebrates Some invertebrates have an exoskeleton, a hard exterior to Exoskeleton protect the softer inner body. Habitat There are seven main groups of invertebrates. Species Some invertebrates live in water. Characterisation 97% of all living species are invertebrates. Microscopic We can use a classification key to split living creatures into groups. Classification key Knowledge Quiz 1. How many groups of vertebrates are there? 3 5 6 2. What percentage of animals are vertebrates? 92% 3. Which are correct for mammals? Cold-blooded 4. Which vertebrates’ habitats is the water? Amphibians Fish Reptiles 5. Whose body is covered in hair or fur? Reptiles Mammals Amphibians 10 Task: What do you think connects all these animals? How do you know? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 11 How do we classify animals without a backbone? Animals without a backbone are known as invertebrates. They can range in size from being microscopic to a huge squid swimming around with eyes as big as footballs.