FAMILY Bramidae Bonaparte, 1831 [=Chelodonidi, Bramini, Pteraclidae, Lepodotiformes, Steinegeriidae, Pterycombidae, Lepidotidae, Trachyberycidae] Notes: Chelodonidi Rafinesque, 1810a:54 [ref. 3594] (ordine) Lepodus [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Bramini Bonaparte, 1831:157, 173 [ref. 4978] (subfamily) Brama Bloch & Schneider Pteraclidae Swainson, 1839:49 [ref. 4302] (family) Pteracles [on p. 178 and 257 as Pteraclinae; stem changed to Pteraclid- by Gill 1872:9 [ref. 26254]; original stem Pteracl- confirmed by Gill 1873:787 [ref. 17631], by Jordan & Evermann 1896a:955 [ref. 2443], by Jordan 1923a:182 [ref. 2421], by Nelson 1976:236 [ref. 32838] and by Nelson 2006:365 [ref. 32486]] Lepodontiformes Bleeker, 1876b:299 [ref. 448] (subfamily) Lepodus [stem changed to Lepod- by Fowler 1906b:121 [ref. 1372], confirmed by Myers & Storey1956:19 [ref. 32831]] Steinegeriidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896a:960 [ref. 2443] (family) Steinegeria Pterycombidae Shufeldt, 1912:46 [ref. 31946] (family) Pterycombus Lepidotidae de Buen, 1926:90 [ref. 5054] (family) Lepidotus Trachyberycidae Maul, 1954:18 [ref. 32626] (family) Trachyberyx GENUS Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 [=Brama Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:98, Amblytoxotes Bleeker [P.], 1876:311, Collybus Snyder [J. O.], 1904:525, Lepidotus Asso [I. de], 1801:38, Lepodus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:53, Tylometopon Bleeker [P.], 1873:133] Notes: [ref. 471]. Fem. Sparus raii Bloch, 1791. Type by subsequent designation. Type first designated by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 3, 1823:260 [ref. 3853] (see Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199] and Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). •Valid as Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Mead 1972:25 [ref. 6976], Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199], Mochizuki in Masuda et al. 1984:159 [ref. 6441], Haedrich in Whitehead et al. 1986:848 [ref. 13676], Smith 1986:633 [ref. 5712], Yatsu & Nakamura 1989:190 [ref. 13449], Gomon et al. 1994:591 [ref. 22532], Moteki et al. 1995 [ref. 21594], Last & Moteki 2001:2827 [ref. 26096], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:651 [ref. 25968], Thompson 2003:1471 [ref. 27088], Parin 2003:S9 [ref. 28536], Bray et al. 2006:1184 [ref. 29088], Gomon & Last 2008:582 [ref. 30651], Carvalho-Filho et al. 2009:25 [ref. 30553], Shinohara et al. 2011:49 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:365 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Bramidae. (Amblytoxotes) [ref. 448]. Fem. Toxotes squamosus Hutton, 1875. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Mead 1972:25 [ref. 6976], Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199]). Current status: Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Bramidae. (Collybus) [ref. 4149]. Masc. Collybus drachme Snyder, 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Mead 1972:25 [ref. 6976], Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199]). Current status: Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Bramidae. (Lepidotus) [ref. 6523]. Masc. Lepidotus catalonicus Asso, 1801. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Mead 1972:25 [ref. 6976], Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199]). Current status: Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Bramidae. (Lepodus) [ref. 3594]. Masc. Lepodus saragus Rafinesque, 1810. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Mead 1972:25 [ref. 6976], Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199]). Current status: Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Bramidae. (Tylometopon) [ref. 431]. Neut. Brama dussumieri Cuvier, 1831. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Mead 1972:25 [ref. 6976], Mead 1973:386 [ref. 7199]). Current status: Synonym of Brama Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Bramidae. Species Brama australis Valenciennes, 1838 [=Brama australis Valenciennes [A.], 1838:no page number, Pl. 44 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation; ref. 17868] Current status: Valid as Brama australis Valenciennes, 1838. Bramidae. Distribution: Southern Circumglobal. Habitat: marine. Species Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) [=Sparus brama Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Pennant), 1788:104, Pl. 50 (fig. 192), Sparus castaneola Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1802:33, 111, Lepidotus catalonicus Asso y del Rio [I. J. de], 1801:38, Pl. 35 (fig. 2), Brama chilensis Guichenot [A.], 1848:218, Sparus dentatus Berkenhout [J.], 1789:74, Sparus johnsoni Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:302, Brama marina Fleming [J.], 1828:210, Sparus niger Turton [W.], 1800:789, Brama pinnasquamata Couch [J.], 1849:xxvi, Fig., Sparus raii Bloch [M. E.], 1791:95, Pl. 273, Brama raji Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:99, Lepodus saragus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:54, Toxotes squamosus Hutton [F. W.], 1875:313, Chaetodon umbratus Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:4, Chaetodon umbratus Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Machado, 1857:23] Notes: [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Near mouth of the River Tees, between Hartlepool and redcar, Northeast coast of England. Current status: Valid as Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in temperate seas (including western Baltic Sea, North Sea, western Mediterranean Sea). Habitat: marine. (castaneola) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (catalonicus) [Anales de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. v. 4 (no. 10); ref. 6523] Mar de Cataluna, Zaragoza, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (chilensis) [Fauna Chilena.... in Gay.; ref. 1939] Valparaíso, Chile. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (dentatus) [Synopsis of the natural history of Great-Britain and Ireland v. 1; ref. 12437] United Kingdom. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (johnsoni) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] English seas. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (marina) [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] England. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (niger) [A general system of nature v. 1; ref. 17934] Yorkshire, U.K. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (pinnasquamata) [The Zoologist: a Popular Miscellany of Natural History. v. 7 (Appendix, art. 3); ref. 18052] England. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (raii) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] North Atlantic or European seas. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (raji) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Northern seas. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (saragus) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (squamosus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 95) (art. 41); ref. 18317] Cook Strait, New Zealand. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Habitat: marine. (umbratus) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. (umbratus) [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bramidae. Species Brama caribbea Mead, 1972 [=Brama caribbea Mead [G. W.], 1972:63, Figs. 28-30] Notes: [Dana Report No. 81; ref. 6976] Off Suriname, 7°46'N, 54°36'W, depth 400 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Brama caribbea Mead, 1972. Bramidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Brama dussumieri Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 [=Brama dussumieri Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831:294, Brama leucotaenia Fowler [H. W.], 1938:44, Fig. 15] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Pris sous l'équateur, par 85° de longitude à l'orient de Paris [eastern Indian Ocean, ca. 0°N, 87°20'E]. Current status: Valid as Brama dussumieri Cuvier, 1831. Bramidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Seychelles, Madagascar, Mascarenes, Maldives, Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (leucotaenia) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (no. 3032); ref. 1426] Off Balukbaluk Island, near Basilan Island, Sulu Archipelago, 6°44'45"N, 121°48'00"E, Albatross station 5134, depth 25 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Brama dussumieri Cuvier, 1831. Bramidae. Habitat: marine. Species Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878 [=Brama japonica Hilgendorf [F. M.], 1878:1] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1878 (for 15 Jan.); ref. 2171] Japan Sea. Current status: Valid as Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878. Bramidae. Distribution: North Pacific: Kuril Islands, Japan and Aleutian Islands east to California (U.S.A.), south to Hawaiian Ridge. Habitat: marine. Species Brama myersi Mead, 1972 [=Brama myersi Mead [G. W.], 1972:76, Figs. 35-36] Notes: [Dana Report No. 81; ref. 6976] Eastern Pacific,