View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquatic Commons FSN-FG 0006 SOME HAEMTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INTER-GENERIC HYBRID OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias anguillaris x Heterobranchus bidorsalis) JUVENILES AND THEIR PURE LINES IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA * DIYAWARE M.Y.1; A.B. HARUNA2, AND K.A. ABUBAKAR3 1Department of Fisheries, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria 2Department of Fisheries, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria 3Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria Copyright 2010, Fisheries Society of Nigeria. survival, and improvement of genetic This paper was prepared for presentation at the 25th Annual International Conference and Exhibition in Administrative Staff College of Nigeria traits. Inter-generic hybridization has been (ASCON), Topo-Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria, 25th – 29th October, 2010. performed between African catfish viz: C. This paper was selected for presentation by an FISON Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the anguillaris x H. bidorsalis (Diyaware et author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Fisheries Society of Nigeria and are subject to correction by the author(s). al., 2010). Hybridizations between African The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, its officers, or members. Papers presented at catfish and Asian catfish; C. gariepinus x FISON meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or C. batrachus were also carried out Sahoo storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria is prohibited. Permission to et al., (2003), and C. gariepinus × reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous Heterobranchus longifilis (Legendre et al., acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian, Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), P. O. Box 2607 Apapa, 1992; Nwadukwe 1995), C. batrachus x C. Lagos. gariepinus has been attempted by (Rahman et al., (1995). Hybridization ABSTRACT between Hepteropneustis fossilis and C. Some haematological parameters of inter- gariepinus have been reported by generic hybrid African catfish (Clarias Muthukumaran and Sukumaran (2005), anguillaris x Heterobranchus bidorsalis) while that of C. macrocephalus and C. were investigated to assess the ability of gariepinus was documented by Na-Nakorn the hybrids to withstand culture conditions et al., (2004). Aluko and Ali (2001) in North east Nigeria. The result shows successfully produced eight fast inter- that packed cell volume (PCV), red blood generic hybrid fish from four African cells (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell catfish species belonging to two genus haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Clarias and Heterobranchus. platelets (PLT) were higher in pure line Haematological indices in these hybrids Clarias anguillaris. However, white blood critical are parameters for the evaluation cell (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) were physiological status and genetic resilience higher in female H. bidorsalis x male C. of the fish to resist bacterial infection, anguillaris (Heteroclarias) hybrid. PCV, fungal and viral disease and withstand MCHC, Hb, and RBC of all the fish intensive culture conditions that species observed in this study were within compromises immunity. Response to these the healthy ranges for fish. The results of depends on fish species, age, sexual this study show that Heteroclarias have maturity of fish, and diseases (Luskova, haematological competence for survival in 1997; Golovina and Trombicky, 1989; culture conditions in the region. Golovina, 1996; Zhiteneva et al., 1989). Keywords: Haematological parameters, Haematological tests and analysis of serum inter-generic hybrids, Clarias anguillaris x constituents have yielded useful Heterobranchus bidorsalis. information for detection and diagnosis of metabolic disturbances and disease INTRODUCTION conditions in fishes (Aldrin et al., 1982; In aquaculture, production of hybrid fish Jamalzadeh et al., 2009). Like in warm- plays important role in fast growth, blooded animals, changes in the blood 331 Some Haemtological Parameters Of Inter-Generic Hybrid Of African Catfish (Clarias Anguillaris X Heterobranchus Bidorsalis) FISON EKO 2010 Juveniles And Thieir Pure Lines In North Eastern Nigeria parameters of fish, occurring from injuries (Aeyemo, 2007). Decrease in erythrocytes or infections of tissues or organs, can be has been reported to be the major and used to determine extend of the reliable indicators of various sources of dysfunction or injuries organs or tissues. stress in fish (Rainza-Paiva et al., 2000; However in fish, these parameters are O’neal and Weirich 2001). White blood more related to the response of the whole cells are the main defense cells of the organism, i.e. to the effect on fish survival, animals. Decrease in these cells indicates reproduction and growth than discrete vulnerability to stress and infection organ or tissue (Vosyliene, 1999). (Sunmonu and Oyelola, 2008). Drop in red In recent years, variation in blood cells implies reduction in level of haematological indices were used when oxygen that is being carried to the tissues clinical diagnosis of fish physiology was and the level of carbon dioxide returned to required to determine the effects of the lungs will also be reduced. Reduction external stressors and toxic substances due in mean hemoglobin concentration and to the close association between the mean corpuscular hemoglobin circulatory system and the external concentration indicates anemia (Sunmonu environment (Cech et al, 1996; Wendelaar and Oyelola, 2008). According to myDr and Bonga, 1997). Wepener, (1997) also (2006), packed cell volume or haemtocrit, suggested that haematological and red blood cell (RBC), and mean cell biochemical changes, growth rate and haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) are oxygen consumption of fish are used in used for diagnosing anaemic condition, determining the toxic effects of pollutants. while neutrophils and monocytes According to Fernades and Mazon (2003), (differential counts) protects the body haematological parameters are closely against bacterial invasion. Lymphocytes related to the response of the animal to the are involved in immune process, environment, an indication that the producing antibodies against foreign environment where fish lives could exert organism, protecting against microbes. some influence on the haematological Low RBC indicates malnutrition and characteristics (Kori-Siakpere, 1985). Sex platelets helps in diagnosing problems of the fish may also influence the blood associated bleeding or bruising. parameters. Sniezsko, (1960) showed that Hematological studies in fishes have males consistently had higher packed cell assumed greater significance because these volume values than the females and this parameters could be used as an effective has been proposed as means of sexing fish. and sensitive index to monitor Blood cell responses are important physiological and pathological changes indicators of changes in the internal and/or induced by natural or anthropometric external environment of animals factors, such as bacteria and fungi (Adeyemo, 2007). A number of infections or pollution of water haematological indices such as environment, pathogenicity of the haematocrit (Ht) haemoglobin (Hb), red organism. Haematological study on blood cells (RBCs) are used to assess the nutritional effects have been reported functional status of the oxygen carrying Rehulka (2000). Osuigwe et al., (2005) capacity of bloodstream and have been documented some haematological changes used as indicators of the presence of in hybrid Heteroclarias fed raw and boiled metallic pollutants in aquatic environment jack beans seed meal. Effects of ascorbic (Shah and Altindang 2004). acid on haematological parameters of C. Red blood count (RBC), concentration of gariepinus have been studies by (Oluyemi haemoglobin (MCH) and haematocrit (Ht) et al., 2008) Rogers et al. (2003) have been reported to indicate secondary concluded that, mechanism of lead toxicity responses of an organism to irritants occurs by ion regulatory disruption. ISSN: 1117-3149 PROCEEDINGS OF FISHERIES SOCIETY OF NIGERIA (FISON) ASCON, BADAGRY 25th-29th OCTOBER 2010 FSN-FG 0006 332 Diyaware M.Y., Haruna A.B., & Abubakar K.A. FISON EKO 2010 Few authors reported blood profile of male H. bidorsalis), Heteroclarias (female Clarrids not exposed to chemicals or feed H. bidorsalis x male C. anguillaris), and or disease; Clarias buthupogon Kori- their pure line C. anguillaris x C. Siakpere and Egor (1999), C. isherensis anguillaris and H. bidorsalis x H. Kori-Siakpere, (1985), on hybrid bidorsalis) were collected from Heteroclarias (H. bidorsalis and C. Departmental polyethylene line fish pond gariepinus) (Kori-Siakpere et al., 2006). and the blood samples collected Changes in the blood characteristics of immediately. Clarias gariepinus caused by stress due to Blood collection exposure to environmental pollutants, Blood samples were collected from the diseases or attack by pathogens have been fish through caudal peduncle puncture as studied extensively: (Onusiriuka and described by (AQUALEX, 2004). Ufodike, 2000; Ezeri,