TUPB30 Proceedings of DIPAC 2007, Venice, Italy APPLICATIONS OF IEEE-1394 AND GigE VISION DIGITAL CAMERA IN THE TLS C. Y. Wu, C. H. Kuo, Jenny Chen, S. Y. Hsu, Demi Lee, P.C. Chiu, K. T. Hsu NSRRC, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan Abstract The interface supports asynchronous (guaranteed Digital cameras comply with IEEE-1394 and GigE delivery) and isochronous (guaranteed bandwidth and Vision standard are applied for beam diagnostic latency) data transfers. By applying digital IEEE1394 applications at NSRRC. These cameras provide low camera system, we are able to eliminate the frame- distortion for image transmission over long distance and grabber stage of processing and directly transfer data at flexible camera parameters adjustment with remote maximum rates of 400 MB/sec. IEEE1394 general interface. These digital interfaces include of FireWire and purposed CMOS cameras (Prosilica CV640, 659 x 494 gigabit Ethernet. The wide bandwidth bus can reduce 4.65 μm square pixels) were chosen for screen monitor latency time and timing jitter effectively and provides application. There is no frame grabber or additional high quality image transportation. It also provides lossless power supply required. Frame rates of up to 30 fps can be compressed image with high update rate. Experiences achieved adequately in the full frame. accompany with both kinds of cameras will be The GigE Vision standard from the Advanced Imaging summarized. System integration with control system and Association (AIA) is a new interface standard for the applications will also include in the report. latest vision of cameras with high performance. GigE Vision combined features of high data rates (required for INTRODUCTION uncompressed video or imaging applications), ubiquitous computer interface hardware, low cost cabling, and Imaging applications in the accelerator community are widespread popularity makes Gigabit Ethernet an often utilized to measure beam profile and interference attractive interface option for accelerator applications. fringes. The beam profile may convert form fluorescence, The GigE Vision standard including of both the hardware various optical diagnostics (SR, OTR, DR, etc.). A interface standard (Gigabit Ethernet) and the fluorescence screen/OTR and a synchrotron light source communications protocols, can be utilized for controlling radiation monitor are mostly employed to measures beam and communication of cameras. The GigE Vision camera profile and beam size of the accelerator system in order to control registers are based on a command structure called optimize performance, check routine operation and study GenICam which is administered through the European various beam physics. These tools are beneficial to Machine Vision Association (EMVA). GenICam seeks to characterize and analyze properties of electron beam. For establish a common camera control interface so that the example, the beam emittance is calculated from the third party software can communicate with the cameras measured beam size. from various manufacturers without customization. Digital cameras were adopted to enhance functionality GenICam is incorporated as a part of the GigE Vision of accelerator diagnostics [1-4]. The major upgrades of standard. GigE Vision is analogous to FireWire's DCAM data acquisition and analysis have been implemented. The (IIDC) and beneficial to facilitate system integration and main goals are to increase the signal transmission quality, thus reduce costs. the dynamic range, the linearity of the profile monitor, and the superior supports for data analysis. Using a fully digital camera has two major advantages APPLICATIONS OF IEEE-1394 AND GigE compared to analogue CCD camera. First, the A/D VISION CAMERA AT TLS conversion is performed closer to the CCD/CMOS sensor FireWire camera was adopted for synchrotron radiation and therefore minimizes electronic noise. Once the at the booster synchrotron and the storage ring very digitized signal is immune to noise, we can implement successful since 2003 [1]. Qimaging QICAM 12 bits long haul (10 m ~ 103 m) applications in the accelerator camera was selected to capture synchrotron radiation diagnostics. Various long hops solution is supported by profile. Parameters of the camera are completely the IEEE1394A/B interface. Noise immunity and programmable so that this is very useful to accommodate isolation are provided by this solution that must be with various beam conditions and effectively increase favourable in the accelerator environment. Second, unlike reliability. analogue camera systems, digital systems do not suffer FireWire CMOS camera was adopted for the transport from pixel jitter. Each captured pixel value corresponds to line screen monitor since 2004 [2] as shown in Fig. 1,2 a well-defined pixel on the CCD/CMOS chip. The and 3. Functionality is satisfactory while the only problem IEEE1394 interface is a hot swappable and self- is less reliability near the injection kicker of the storage configuring high performance serial bus interface that is ring. The problem might be caused from bad grounding of capable of 400 Mbit/sec data transmission and will be the kickers and the cameras which might be hanged due enhanced to 3.2 Gbit/s for the next generation products. to the noise induced by the long IEEE-1394 cable. After Beam Instrumentation and Feedback Profile and Transverse 138 Proceedings of DIPAC 2007, Venice, Italy TUPB30 the kicker grounding improved and the camera with modulator, the camera is occasionally hanged during IEEE-1394B fibre interface replaced, the reliability is klystron power off. A remote power reset will be applied increased drastically. as a solution of this problem. Control Consoles WS/Unix PC/Linux Control Network PC/WindowsXP PC/WindowsXP IEEE-1394 Hub IEEE-1394B Fiber Link IEEE-1394 Hub IEEE-1394 Hub Synchrotron Radiation Monitor Figure 1: Topology of the IEEE-1394 camera installation. Figure 4: A GigE Vision camera installed at exit of 50 MeV linaer accelerator for test. CCD Image Projected horizontal profile 8000 50 6000 100 4000 150 Amp 2000 200 Vertical Pixel Vertical 250 0 300 -2000 100 200 300 400 0 10 20 30 40 50 Horizontal Pixel mm Projected vertical profile 6000 5000 4000 3000 Amp 2000 1000 Figure 2: The VI for transport line screen monitors 0 -1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 operation. mm Figure 5: Profile measured by the GigE Vision camera. 8 4 7 3.5 6 ) ) 2 5 2 3 (mm (mm 2 x 4 2 y 2.5 σ σ 3 2 2 1 1.5 0 1 2 3 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Q3 current(A) Q3 current(A) ε = 1.09 mm.mrad ε = 0.97 mm.mrad x y 10 4 raw hor. profile raw Ver. profile Figure 3: Example of transverse beam emittance 8 fitted hor. profile 3.5 fitted Ver. profile measurements at transport line by using quadrupole scan ) ) 2 6 2 3 ε (mm (mm method. Fitted emittance is x = 238 nm-rad. 2 x 4 2 y 2.5 σ σ 2 2 The new GigE camera interface is also applied for 0 1.5 preliminary evaluation. Set up of the experiment is shown 0 1 2 3 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 K(m-1) K(m-1) in Fig. 4. Figure 5 shown a typical profile measurement result. Emittance is measured by the quadrupole scan Figure 6: Measured horizontal and vertical emittance of method in the exit of the 50 MeV linaer accelerator. The the 50 MeV lianc by quadrupole scan method. The fitted beam profile as a function of one nearest quadrupole normized emittance is εx = 1.09 mm-mrad and εy = 0.97 strength was measured as shown in Figure 6. The profile mm-mrad in the horizontal and vertical respectively. image is captured and analyzed by using Matlab scripts. Emittance will be immediately adjusted and reduced from the machine parameter by the measured data. Performance and reliability of the GigE Vision camera is evaluated. Since the camera is installed near the klystron Beam Instrumentation and Feedback Profile and Transverse 139 TUPB30 Proceedings of DIPAC 2007, Venice, Italy EXPERIENCES OF IEEE-1394 AND GbE disadvantage, a remote power on/off control was VISION CAMERA FOR BEAM implemented. DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION Radiation Damage Both of IEEE-1394 cameras and GigE Vision cameras The FireWire cameras have been operated over two were tested and applied for several diagnostics for the years, there are no severe damages observed. Similarly, TLS. Some of the experience is summarized in the the GigE Vision cameras have been operated over 6 following paragraphs. months, no observable radiation damage was observed. So, the radiation damage is similar with the analogue Control System Integration camera. To simplify the control system integration, a PC/ running Windows/XP was adopted for FireWire camera SUMMARY server as well as GigE Vision camera. There are few drivers supporting both kinds of interface. The standard FireWire camera and GigE Vision cameras are tested DCAM camera driver with LabVIEW and other COTS at TLS for several diagnostic applications. Their setup softwares are supported for FireWire camera. The GigE allowed images to be transmitted digitally, removing the standard camera driver is being developing now. We use request from cumbersome frame grabbers and coax non-standard windows XP/Linux camera driver in this switches. Furthermore, the simplicity of triggered report. User interface was written by LabVIEW. The user acquisition made this mode be a standard rather than a interface was developed by LabVIEW and Matlab to special case. Both FireWire cameras and GigE Vision support various experiments and remote controls. cameras with the TLS control system allow seamless integration with control room displays and are easy to access image for various machine studies. Experiences Cabling gain form these experiments and image quality are Maximum copper cable length in the FireWire is excellent. Varying exposure time is very helpful to around 10 meters with full speed. Hub is essential to increase the dynamic range.