Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 108 Social Sciences, Humanities and Economics Conference (SoSHEC 2017) Implicating Mental Models, Local Interpretation, and Analogy of Facebook Comments upon the News of Paris Attack 11/13 Lisetyo Ariyanti Regine Margareta English Literature English Literature Universitas Negeri Surabaya Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya, Indonesia Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract - This paper analyses the relationship among three related to violent events related to Islam in social media. fields; they are mental model, analogy, and local interpretation Facebook is also a social media in the world today that has which are used as the basic principles to understand the problem been the greatest role in influencing the people image toward in distinguishing people’s responses toward verses in Quran. It Islam. The world still has the memory of the tragedy of Paris uses the theories of Laird Johnson (1983) [1] and George Yule & Attack 11/13, which in that time there were a lot of people Gillian Brown (1983) [2]. The theories are used to show that the insulting Islam and also its Quran. In that time , there were so mental models should not be a way to create stereotype and how many translated Quran’s verses that are wrongly used by people comprehend something differently beyond their culture, people in the world, which were used by the facebook whereas culture is associated with analogy. Thus, there are commentators to reveal their opinion toward Islam. This latest always various interpretations especially in interpreting Quran incident in Paris which commit massacre attack on November which Muslims believe that Quran should not be translated. Yet, on the other hand, it is not the fault of the readers when they 13th, 2017 is believed that was provoked by an ISIS incognito interpret differently and it is also not the fault of the translators. refugees. One status from BBC News account in facebook was also drawing attention the commentators. This status which Keywords - mental model, analogy, local interpretation, Quran, was posted due to the tragedy of Paris Attack 11/13 caused a Translation. hazard mocking to the verses of Quran from non-Muslim commentators and stated wrong description of what so-called I. INTRODUCTION jihadist. Language is the most important aspect in humans’ life The comments of those non-Muslim commentators,which because without language one person will not be able to were based on the English translation of Quran by Maulawi communicate and share the feeling. People in the world who Sher ‘Ali and Yusuf-Ali, may have inappropriate words to have religion may understand that what is happening in the describe the Islamic actions and ideology. The evidence shows humans’ life is also controlled by the Almighty One, who is that the comments somehow were made by wrong called God. Commonly God had sent His passengers to spread interpretation plus hatred which had been planted on the the ideology of peace in the entire world to perform what is commentator’s mind. This kind of comments from the non- good and avoid what is bad. Some of the passengers brought muslim commentator leads to the wrong interpretation because the holy books for example the Holy Bible (Injeel), Quran (Al- the commentators have different background and culture from Quran), Torah (Tawrat), etc. In this article, it concerns to Maulawi Sher ‘Ali and Yusuf-Ali. Since the commentators Quran which was in a binding ruling in religious matters on have different background and culture, somehow what they Tuesday, 1 Safar 1433 H/ December, 27th 2011 in intend to reveal is formed through what has been embedded Arrahmah.com. The matters are the law of translating Quran in from the commentator’s background and culture. This fatwa number 833, chapter 4 which is about a question related embedded concept in the commentators’ mind may become to Quran translation: their only way to percept something which has been a model in their mind. Translating Quran or some verses into other languages to spread the right Islam proselytizing to non-Muslim The image of the world around us, which we carry in our countries, is this effort in syari’ah and religion wrong? head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the Then the answer of translating Quran or some verses of It, world, government, or country. He has only selected to fully explain the meaning in Quran is impossible. That is concepts, and relationship between them, and uses those to the biggest reason why translating Quran or some verses of represent the real system. [3] It literally is forbidden. The accident will result to the In this case, the commentators have established the model wrong interpretation that out of the actual meaning (p. 132). of something mentally. A statement which was proposed by [4] This statement of forbidden Quran translation can be seen which says that mental model is a way of how a speaker or throughout the impact of the misunderstanding comments listener interprets discourse relates it to his/her experience Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 247 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 108 which will be matched to the knowledge that has been stored Once again, those mental models are psychological before in the brain system. Furthermore, speakers and listeners representations that have the same relational structure as what tend to understand an information based on what the culture they represent. They have been invoked to explain many has been taught to them, then making an interpretation is out of important aspects of human reasoning, including deduction, logical form [5]. Unconsciously the mental models are related induction, problem solving, language understanding, and to the principles of ‘local interpretation’ and of ‘analogy’ human-machine interaction [6]. where there is a boundary of people’s brain of how they understand something. Moreover, perhaps some people do not 2) The concept of principle of local interpretation have an ability to think further of what their memory has kept, This principle instructs the hearer not to construct a context therefore the other people are those who may think in details. any larger than he needs to arrive at an interpretation [6]. Since This capability of thinking is related to local interpretation [6]. the word ‘local’ has some meanings such as relating to or Meanwhile, the principle of analogy will provide a reasonable occurring in particular area, not general or widespread, secure framework of interpretation for the hearer. However, particular limited district, restricted part, etc. These meanings conventions can be flouted and the expectations is emerge one perception that the interpretation should not go too dissaponting, either deliberately for a stylistic effect, or by further. This is assumed that the translator or interpreter has to accident or oversight. limit the interpretation. If local interpretation is correct, then the world is more simple, if the grammar directly assigns a So, this paper explains 1) how mental models influence the meaning to each surface expression [7] that supports the local interpretation which restrain some parts of meaning in the previous quotation, then the meaning should only be in the translations, as well as 2) considering the effect in analogy surface (narrow thought). That is why, the local interpretation aspect to the translator/interpreter. The method of this paper should meet the surface expression. uses the comparison of some verses of Quran translation from two different translators which contained some harass words 3) The concept of analogy influence to people’s hatred. The purpose of this paper is to The study of analogy reveals the relation with mental prove that Quran should not be interpreted because the wrong models as long as analogies can serve as mental models for meaning leads to dangerous perception between non-Muslims understanding a new domain. For example, notices in and Muslims, also the different interpretations are not the fault electricity are often about electricity current which uses mental of the interpreters since some people might have different models based on an analogy of water flow or with crowds of background such as the different analogy and the mental moving entities. These analogical mental models can be models that are combined with the local interpretation which misleading as well as helpful [4]. Analogy tells about the will border the wider interpretation. comparison of things which are considered to be similar in some ways. The example is mostly taken from the comparison of past experience to present experience. This is the reason why II. THEORIES analogy is so related to mental models. A. SOURCES B. CORPUS DESCRIPTION It is more likely to be called as concepts from several sources as explained below: 1) The trending topic at that moment in the news worldwide 1) The concept of mental models a) Islam and its Quran are considered as the trending ‘We’ as the speaker of a language might differ from topic in the news worldwide for several weeks, they are speaker of other languages. For example, Indonesian which the associated to the one of the fastest growing religion in the language root is so different from English, they may have world that also has so many controversies. This makes Quran difficulties in understanding the concept when the interaction as one of the object that should be revealed deeper by people. with other people whose nation has the language like English b) Facebook status which posted the tragedy of Paris root. In the other way, for example, a nation like Netherlands Attack 11/13.