JFQ C2-P3 Prelims 8/26/97 9:53 AM Page iii JFQ . for those who served 1941–1945 Page 1—no folio JFQ C2-P3 Prelims 8/26/97 9:54 AM Page 2 CONTENTS A Word from the Chairman 4 by John M. Shalikashvili The Case for Forward Deployment 7 by Hans Binnendijk Q National Power and the Interagency Process 8 by George T. Raach and Ilana Kass F Restore Hope: Coordinating Relief Operations 14 by Jonathan T. Dworken J Joint Special Operations in Peace 22 and War by Wayne A. Downing PSYOP and the Warfighting CINC 28 by Jeffrey B. Jones and Michael P. Mathews JFQ FORUM Commemorating World War II: 34 A Final Reprise Jointness and the Impact of the War 36 by David A. Armstrong PHOTO CREDITS The cover features a reproduction of a painting entitled Air Transport in the South Pacific— Fighting with Allies: The Debate Fifty Years On 1943 by Sidney Simon (U.S. Air Force Art Collection); the four cover insets (clockwise, 38 by Russell F. Weigley from top left) capture American and Thai special forces descending from a helicopter during Cobra Gold ’94 (Joint Combat Camera A War That Was Not Left to the Generals Center); M1A1 tank during Bright Star ’94 (U.S. Army/Jeffrey T. Brady); F–16D on patrol 46 by Eliot A. Cohen during Roving Sands ’94 (Combat Camera Imagery/Steve Thurow); and USNS Comfort in transit through the Panama Canal (U.S. Air The Meaning of World War II Force/H. Cintron). by Williamson Murray The background work of art replicated for 50 the table of contents is B–17 Base in England by Peter Hurd (U.S. Air Force Art Collection); insets on these pages (from top left) include The Generation of 1945 shoulder tabs and patch of a CARICOM force 58 by Ronald H. Spector member (DOD/Greg Scott); a reproduction of a painting of a carrier launch during World War II entitled Plane Director by Paul Sample (The The Battle for Anzio Life Collection of World War II Art/U.S. Army Center of Military History); operating room 62 by William Woodruff preparations during the Persian Gulf War (U.S. Navy/Joe Gawlowicz); and an American soldier taking an Iraqi prisoner of war during Soldier Art of World War II Desert Storm (DOD). The back cover depicts a change of 68 by Peter Harrington command at Tactical Assembly Area Liberty, Kuwait (55th Signal Company/Casey T. Smith). The Future of U.S. Overseas Presence 70 by David S. Yost Page 2 - no folio JFQ C2-P3 Prelims 8/26/97 9:54 AM Page 3 SUMMER 95 / NUMBER 8 Presence—Do We Stay or Do We Go? 83 by James A. Lasswell Joint Force Quarterly A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL Problems in Defense Organization Hans Binnendijk 86 and Management Editor-in-Chief Patrick M. Cronin by Michael B. Donley Executive Editor Robert A. Silano War Termination and Joint Planning Editor 95 by Robert R. Soucy II, Kevin A. Shwedo, and John S. Haven II Martin J. Peters, Jr. Production Coordinator Calvin B. Kelley Joint Medical Support: Are Senior Copy Editor 102 We Asleep at the Switch? by Arthur M. Smith The Typography and Design Division of the U.S. Government Printing Office is responsible for layout and art direction. Joint Force Quarterly is published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by OF CHIEFS AND CHAIRMEN the Institute for National Strategic Stud- ies, National Defense University, to pro- 110 Carl Andrew Spaatz mote understanding of the integrated employment of land, sea, air, space, and FROM THE FIELD AND FLEET special operations forces. The journal fo- cuses on joint doctrine, coalition warfare, 111 Letters to the Editor contingency planning, combat opera- tions conducted by the unified com- IN BRIEF mands, and joint force development. The editors invite articles and other 114 The Joint Staff: Completing the Metamorphosis contributions on joint warfighting, inter- by Mark C. Nesselrode service issues that support jointness, and topics of common interest to the Armed 118 Which Way Joint Doctrine? Forces (see page 136 for details). Please by Edward C. Ferriter direct editorial communications to: Editor 120 Atlantic Command’s Joint Training Program Joint Force Quarterly by Clarence Todd Morgan ATTN: NDU–NSS–JFQ Washington, D.C. 20319–6000 124 Coalition Rules of Engagement by Drew A. Bennett and Anne F. Macdonald Telephone: (202) 475–1013 / DSN: 335–1013 FAX: (202) 475–1012 / DSN 335–1012 THE JOINT WORLD Internet: [email protected] 126 Doctrine, Lessons Learned, and Education The opinions, conclusions, and recom- 128 Quarterly Survey of Periodical Literature mendations expressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do not OFF THE SHELF necessarily reflect the views of the De- partment of Defense or any other agency 129 Desert Storm Warnings: A Book Review of the Federal Government. Copyrighted by Grant T. Hammond portions of this journal may not be re- produced or extracted without permis- 131 Squaring the Pentagon: A Book Review sion of copyright proprietors. An ac- by William H. Gregory knowledgment to Joint Force Quarterly should be made whenever material is quoted from or based on its contents. 134 Cumulative Index (1994–95): Issues 5–8 This publication has been approved by POSTSCRIPT the Secretary of Defense. 136 A Note to Readers and Contributors June 1995 ISSN 1070–0692 Page 3 - no folio JFQ Shali 8/25/97 1:48 PM Page 4 Joint Force Quarterly A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL Publisher GEN John M. Shalikashvili, USA Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman of the Advisory Committee Lt Gen Ervin J. Rokke, USAF National Defense University Members of the Advisory Committee BG David A. Armstrong, USA (Ret.) Office of the Chairman Brig Gen David E. Baker, USAF The Joint Staff Brig Gen Roger E. Carleton, USAF Armed Forces Staff College MG Richard A. Chilcoat, USA U.S. Army War College A. Denis Clift Joint Military Intelligence College AWord Col Paul V. Kelly, USMC Marine Corps War College Lt Gen Walter Kross, USAF The Joint Staff RADM Michael A. McDevitt, USN National War College Col Andrew Pratt, USMC Marine Corps Command and Staff College from the BG Randall L. Rigby, USA U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Maj Gen Peter D. Robinson, USAF Air War College RADM Jerome F. Smith, Jr., USN Industrial College of the Armed Forces RADM Joseph C. Strasser, USN Chairman Naval War College Col John A. Warden III, USAF Air Command and Staff College Chairman of the Editorial Board orld War I was the last time Hans Binnendijk any nation equated war with Institute for National Strategic Studies Members of the Editorial Board glory. The causes of that war Richard K. Betts remain debatable today be- Columbia University causeW the quarrels that ignited it were ques- COL William D. Bristow, Jr., USA U.S. Army Command and General Staff College tionable and shallow even at the time. But Eliot A. Cohen The Johns Hopkins University once the spark was lit and Europe’s armies COL Robert A. Doughty, USA were on the march, there was a mood of eu- U.S. Military Academy LtCol Robert C. Figlock, USMC phoria across the continent in anticipation Marine Corps War College of romance and adventure. When the fight- Aaron L. Friedberg Princeton University ing finally ground to a halt, when fighters Alan L. Gropman were drowning in mud, stupefied by the un- Industrial College of the Armed Forces COL Peter F. Herrly, USA ending slaughter, when the staggering losses National War College on the Marne and Somme and at Ypres, Ver- Col Douglas N. Hime, USAF Naval War College dun, Mons, and Gallipoli were tallied, the William T. Hodson world was stunned. The efficiency of the in- Information Resources Management College COL Richard L. Irby, Jr., USA dustrial age had reached the battlefield. Any U.S. Army War College vestige of glory that had existed in 1914 had Mark H. Jacobsen Marine Corps Command and Staff College long since been extinguished by the murder- William H.J. Manthorpe, Jr. ous fires of machine guns, mangling fury of Joint Military Intelligence College Thomas L. McNaugher modern artillery, suffocating barbarism of The RAND Corporation poison gas, and the strategy of attrition—the Col Charles H. Mead, USAF Armed Forces Staff College incomprehensible response of the generals John J. Mearsheimer University of Chicago to the new tools of war. When it was over, Col Philip S. Meilinger, USAF the only way to rationalize the carnage was Air Command and Staff College LTG William E. Odom, USA (Ret.) to declare it the war to end all wars. Hudson Institute World War II was in so many respects James H. Toner Air War College even worse. Many more perished. But funda- LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) mentally it was different; it was not sense- Harvard University LTG C.A.H. Waller, USA (Ret.) less. Its causes were genuine, compelling, RKK, Limited terrifying. For countless millions it was a 4 JFQ / Summer 1995 JFQ Shali 8/25/97 1:48 PM Page 5 a special place in our hearts for its veterans it is because we know that their cause was right. But in many ways we would never be the same World War II erased again. Just as World War I all doubt about the stripped away all innocence motives of aggressors about the horrors of battle, World War II erased all doubt about man’s potential for bar- barity, the motives of aggressors, conse- quences of naivety, and cost of appeasement. Nobody emerged from this war talking fool- ishly about it as the war to end all wars.