MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING FINAL EIS/OEIS MAY 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE AND NEED ..................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 THE NAVY’S ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND AT-SEA POLICY ...........................................................1-3 1.3 PROPOSED ACTION .....................................................................................................................1-4 1.4 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR PROPOSED MILITARY READINESS TRAINING AND TESTING ACTIVITIES .................1-4 1.4.1 WHY THE NAVY TRAINS ....................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.4.2 FLEET READINESS TRAINING PLAN ......................................................................................................... 1-5 1.4.2.1 Basic Phase .................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.4.2.2 Integrated Phase ........................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.4.2.3 Sustainment Phase ........................................................................................................................ 1-6 1.4.2.4 Maintenance Phase ...................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.4.3 WHY THE NAVY TESTS ......................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.5 OVERVIEW AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF EXISTING RANGE COMPLEX .................................................1-8 1.6 THE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING PROCESS .......................................................................................1-9 1.6.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 1-9 1.6.2 EXECUTIVE ORDER 12114 ................................................................................................................. 1-10 1.6.3 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS CONSIDERED .......................................................................... 1-10 1.7 SCOPE AND CONTENT ................................................................................................................ 1-11 1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THIS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ......................................................................................................................... 1-11 1.9 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................ 1-12 1.10 ONGOING ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS IN THE STUDY AREA ............................................................ 1-13 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ..........................................................2-1 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING STUDY AREA ..........................................2-2 2.1.1 MARIANA ISLANDS RANGE COMPLEX ..................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.1.1 Special Use Airspace and Air Traffic Controlled Assigned Airspace .............................................. 2-5 2.1.1.2 Sea and Undersea Space ............................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.1.3 Land ............................................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.1.2 OCEAN OPERATING AREAS OUTSIDE THE BOUNDS OF THE MARIANA ISLANDS RANGE COMPLEX ..................... 2-7 2.1.3 PIERSIDE LOCATIONS AND APRA HARBOR ............................................................................................... 2-7 2.2 PRIMARY MISSION AREAS .......................................................................................................... 2-19 2.2.1 ANTI-AIR WARFARE .......................................................................................................................... 2-19 2.2.2 AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE ..................................................................................................................... 2-20 2.2.3 STRIKE WARFARE ............................................................................................................................. 2-20 2.2.4 ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE .................................................................................................................. 2-20 2.2.5 ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE .............................................................................................................. 2-20 2.2.6 ELECTRONIC WARFARE ...................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.7 MINE WARFARE ............................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.8 NAVAL SPECIAL WARFARE ................................................................................................................. 2-22 2.3 DESCRIPTIONS OF SONAR, ORDNANCE/MUNITIONS, TARGETS, AND OTHER SYSTEMS EMPLOYED IN MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING EVENTS ...................................................................... 2-22 2.3.1 SONAR AND OTHER ACOUSTIC SOURCES .............................................................................................. 2-22 2.3.1.1 What is Sonar? ............................................................................................................................ 2-22 2.3.1.2 Sonar Systems ............................................................................................................................. 2-23 2.3.2 ORDNANCE/MUNITIONS ................................................................................................................... 2-29 TABLE OF CONTENTS TOC-i MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING FINAL EIS/OEIS MAY 2015 2.3.3 TARGETS ......................................................................................................................................... 2-33 2.3.4 DEFENSIVE COUNTERMEASURES ......................................................................................................... 2-35 2.3.5 MINE WARFARE SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................. 2-35 2.3.6 MILITARY EXPENDED MATERIALS ........................................................................................................ 2-38 2.4 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................ 2-39 2.4.1 PROPOSED TRAINING ACTIVITIES IN THE MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING STUDY AREA ................. 2-39 2.4.2 PROPOSED TESTING ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................................... 2-46 2.4.2.1 Naval Air Systems Command Testing Activities .......................................................................... 2-47 2.4.2.2 Naval Sea Systems Command Testing Activities ......................................................................... 2-48 2.4.2.3 New Ship Construction Activities ................................................................................................ 2-48 2.4.2.4 Life Cycle Activities...................................................................................................................... 2-48 2.4.2.5 Other Naval Sea Systems Command Testing Activities .............................................................. 2-49 2.4.2.6 Office of Naval Research and Naval Research Laboratory Testing Activities ............................. 2-49 2.5 ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 2-50 2.5.1 ALTERNATIVES ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION .................................................................. 2-51 2.5.1.1 Alternative Training and Testing Locations................................................................................. 2-51 2.5.1.2 Reduced Training and Testing ..................................................................................................... 2-52 2.5.1.3 Mitigations Including Temporal or Geographic Constraints within the Study Area ................... 2-52 2.5.1.4 Simulated Training and Testing .................................................................................................. 2-53 2.5.2 ALTERNATIVES CARRIED FORWARD ...................................................................................................... 2-55 2.6 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE: CURRENT MILITARY READINESS WITHIN THE MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................ 2-55 2.7 ALTERNATIVE 1 (PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE): EXPANSION OF STUDY AREA PLUS ADJUSTMENTS TO THE BASELINE AND ADDITIONAL WEAPONS, PLATFORMS, AND SYSTEMS .................................................. 2-56 2.7.1 PROPOSED ADJUSTMENTS TO BASELINE TRAINING ACTIVITIES 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