International Journal of Innovative Research & Studies ISSN NO : 2319-9725 The Study of Environmental Impact of Marble Slurry through Remote Sensing and GIS A Case Study of Kishangarh Marble Industrial Area Ashwini Vaishnav1 and Nidhi Sharma2 Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics, MDS University, Ajmer [email protected] Abstract: The 70% Part of Marble is wastage materials for infrastructure development. Granite in marble industry and responsible for many and marble are becoming very popular for the Severe environmental problems. Only 30% flooring and in other building constructions. recovery of product bears the remaining 70% However, Marble industry is one of the most environmentally unfriendly industries. Marble burden. The marble waste is rarely degradable. quarries and processing plants are littered with So it is a wider environmental hazard. The large amounts of waste products deriving from water bodies and the rivers are also extraction, sawing, polishing, and water treatments. contaminated by flowing of marble slurry with The industry involves mining and rain water. This contaminated water affecting processing units for the production of tiles for walls the irrigation and also the drinking water and floors, articles, waste production and other sources. Due to the presence of fine particles ancillary works. The wastage of marble industry in marble slurry air is also polluted. are responsible for many environmental problems Fines of Marble slurry flew with air blows because 70% wastes and only 30% recovery of creating serious health problem by breathing. main product contribute to the maximum wastes which are indestructible. Dumping sites give dirty Fine particles of marble slurry deposit over look. Contaminate top fertile soil cover, along with leaves of vegetation, plants and trees creating rivers/water bodies affecting irrigation and drinking aesthetic problems. Due to deposition of water resources and air as well as loss to flora and marble dust over leaf, plants as well as trees fauna. At present, no significant activities are in die which result loss of flora and fauna. place to recover and reuse the ultrafine CaCO3 dust Environmental impact assessment is now an contained in waste slurries of marble processing integral part of mining operation. Remote data plants. It can be helpful to consider these enables the identification, delineating, and calcareous particles as primary or secondary raw monitoring of pollution sources and affected materials for use in other production processes. areas, including derelict land, and changes in From this, a research is currently carried out in order to join this by-product with possible surface land use to water bodies. The results industrial applications. The most efficient Solution were obtained through the analysis of multi- of marble slurry pollution is utilization in Bulk. temporal satellite data of year 1971 to 2017. The most efficient solution of marble slurry Remote data enables the identification, problem is the utilisation in lot. Fineness delineating, and monitoring of pollution sources modulus was found to be 0.91 and it is and affected areas, including derelict land, and cohesion less material. According to this changes in surface land use to water bodies. It is a Marble slurry can be utilised in finishing work widely accepted and utilised technique in many as White wash with lime. Which is 50% scientific disciplines to monitor and evaluate the cheaper and also good Solar heat repellent impact of natural processes and human activity on the environment. GIS models are useful tools for causing natural building cooling. analysis of Mineral Resources and their interactions, and for development and assessment Key words: Environment, Cohesion's, Marble of further land use management. Satellite Remote paste, White wash and Fineness modulus. Sensing and Geographic Information System has become a common tool to investigate the different 1. Introduction field of Earth and environment sciences. The Continuously increasing population in the country progress of the performance capabilities of the has caused great demand of constructional optoelectronic and radar devices mounted on board Volume 8, Issue VII, JULY/2018 Page No: 22 International Journal of Innovative Research & Studies ISSN NO : 2319-9725 Remote Sensing platforms have further improved eastern part and Ajmer tehsil and Nagaur district in the capability of instruments to acquire information the western part. about the Earth and its resources for global, regional and local assessments. 3. Methodology The research was undertaken by well programmed 2. Study Area and integrated approach set up on reliable Kishangarh is a city and a municipality in Ajmer methodology for data collection, carrying out field district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Is a city of survey, identification, selection and evaluation of marble market. It lies 18 miles north-west of result. It was completed in five phases Ajmer. It is well connected via Indian Railways Data collection. and National Highway #8. It is the birthplace of the Digital Image processing. Kishangarh style of painting, which is known for Data Integration with GIS. the beautiful depiction of a courtesan known as BaniThani. In recent years, Kishangarh has come to be known as the marble city of India. It is purported to be the only place in the world with a temple of nine planets. Kishangarh State was founded by the Jodhpur prince Kishan Singh in 1609.Prior to the rule of Kishan Singh this area was ruled by Maharaja. Who was a distant relative of Kishan Singh's family and grandfather of Naubat Khan. The ruling family of Kishangarh and the family of Naubat Khan had close ties.Maharaja Samokhan lost to the forces of Akbar and his grandson Naubat Khan was kept under house arrest.Naubat Khan later accepted Islam. A buffer in GIS is a zone around a map feature measured in units of distance or time &therefore buffer of 7Km has been used demarcating the study area. 4. Dataset The data is the backbone of any research. In order to study the change of spatial extent of growth an infra-structural facilities satellite data and Google earth data is used to generate different layers. The census data of the city was integrated with the above mentioned data to identify the demography. The kishangarh region is one of the very productive Methodology of the work involves utilization of areas of Rajasthan as far as mineral wealth is various methods, tools and techniques used to concern, particularly the marble (biggest market for assessment of Land use / Land cover change marble cutting and selling),mineral (lime rock, detection. GIS techniques were used for Change ceramic mineral etc.)and mineral based industries Detection. Remote Sensing data of the study area (grinding and polishing of various mineral ,cement has also given spatial-temporal Information on the pipe making industries, chips and powder urban land use. making).Recently ,name of the Kishangarh famed due to the newly constructed six lanes Express Highway(nation highway no. 8)construction of SEZ ,airport and colonial developments nearby. The study area bounded by roopangarh tehsil in the northenpart, sarwar and nasirabad tehsil(District Ajmer) in the southern part, Jaipur district in the Volume 8, Issue VII, JULY/2018 Page No: 23 International Journal of Innovative Research & Studies ISSN NO : 2319-9725 (20.87km.sq.) Under stony waste, 2.37% (10.51 km. sq.) under industrial, 0.34% (1.54 km .sq.) Source –bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in & https://www.usgs.gov under industrial waste, 0.58% (2.61 km.sq.) under airport, 68.57 %( 303.99 km.sq.) under crop land 5. Analysis and Result and 5.73% (25.40 km.sq.) under fallow land. Due to the synoptic, repetitive nature of remote Table: LULC Cover (Km2) Kishangarh (2017) sensing based satellite data, it proved its efficiency in the preservation and conservation of natural resources. The remotely sensed data integrated with GIS data can be used to handle a vast geographical dataset. The land use/land cover change detection can be well managed and studied by using the Remote Sensing and GIS technology. A proper planning can be undertaken after a systematic and scientific analysis of satellite data of the study area in between 1971 to 2017. Land is most important and basic resource concerning the urban development. Population growth, unplanned industrialisation, urbanisation and its consequences adversely affect the regional environment. Improper land use practice results in an adverse impact on ecosystem. So the two words Land Cover and Land Use have important significance in regard to land. The results obtained through the analysis of multi-temporal satellite imageries were diagrammatically illustrated in following figures and data arc registered in Tables depicts land use/cover status, depicts land use/cover change in different land use categories and A brief account of these results is discussed in the following paragraphs. The land use statistics and changes in land use pattern derived from the satellite data of year 1971 to 2017 have presented. Fig: LU/LC Maps of A) 1971, B) 1981 & C) 1991 Fig: LULC Graph of Kishangarh (1971 to 1981) This graph is composed to compare the LULC of 1971, 1981 & 1991. The result derived shows that how area has increased under each category i.e. Fig: LU/LC Map of Kishangarh (2017) Settlement, Water body & Industries in the respective years. Total population in 1971 was Table -depict spatial distributional pattern of land 157,954in which the total number worker was use/ land cover of kishangarh for the year 2017 52,979 .In 1981 total population become 118,279 .these data reveal that in 2017 about 3.69% (16.36 and total number of worker become 86,846 and in km.sq.) area of kishangarh was under settlement 1991 total population was295,837 and total number land , 0.67% (2.98 km.sq.) under water body, 13.15 of worker was 97,920.