IAEA-TECDOC-1520 Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics Proceedings of a technical meeting held in Karlsruhe, Germany, 28–31 October 2003 October 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1520 Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics Proceedings of a technical meeting held in Karlsruhe, Germany, 28–31 October 2003 October 2006 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Radiation and Transport Safety Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF HEAVY LIQUID METAL THERMAL HYDRAULICS IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1520 ISBN 92–0–111806–6 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria October 2006 FOREWORD Through the Nuclear Energy Department’s Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR), the IAEA provides a forum for exchange of information on national programmes, collaborative assessments, knowledge preservation, and cooperative research in areas agreed by the Member States with fast reactor and partitioning and transmutation development programmes (e.g. accelerator driven systems (ADS)). Trends in advanced fast reactor and ADS designs and technology development are periodically summarized in status reports, symposia, and seminar proceedings prepared by the IAEA to provide all interested IAEA Member States with balanced and objective information. The use of heavy liquid metals (HLM) is rapidly diffusing in different research and industrial fields. The detailed knowledge of the basic thermal hydraulics phenomena associated with their use is a necessary step for the development of the numerical codes to be used in the engineering design of HLM components. This is particularly true in the case of lead or lead-bismuth eutectic alloy cooled fast reactors, high power particle beam targets and in the case of the cooling of accelerator driven sub-critical cores where the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) design codes is mandatory. Periodic information exchange within the frame of the TWG-FR has lead to the conclusion that the experience in HLM thermal fluid dynamics with regard to both the theoretical/numerical and experimental fields was limited and somehow dispersed. This is the case, e.g. when considering turbulent exchange phenomena, free-surface problems, and two-phase flows. Consequently, Member States representatives participating in the 35th Annual Meeting of the TWG-FR (Karlsruhe, Germany, 22–26 April 2002) recommended holding a technical meeting (TM) on Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics. Following this recommendation, the IAEA has convened the Technical Meeting on Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics (28– 31 October 2003). The TM was hosted by the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. The scope of the TM was to provide a global forum for information exchange on the most recent theoretical and experimental studies of HLM thermal hydraulics. The main objective of the TM was to assess the shortcomings of the present CFD codes used for HLM simulation and to identify future research needs, in both the numerical and experimental area. The IAEA would like to express its appreciation to all the participants, authors of papers, chairpersons, and to the hosts at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was A. Stanculescu of the Division of Nuclear Power. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these proceedings are reproduced as submitted by the authors and have not undergone rigorous editorial review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 SESSION 1: REVIEW OF THE STATE OF ART OF PRESENT CDF CODES Turbulence modeling issues in ADS thermal and hydraulic analyses ....................................... 9 G. Groetzbach Two CFD applications to the design of the active zone of HLM spallation targets................................................................................................................... 33 P. Roubin CFD analysis of the thermal-hydraulic performance of the ESS target................................... 49 E.M.J. Komen, F. Roelofs, J. Wolters, G. Hansen Validation of CFD models with respect to the thermal-hydraulic design of the ESS target................................................................................................................... 59 J. Wolters, G. Hansen, E.M.J. Komen, F. Roelofs CFD analysis of the heavy liquid metal flow field in the MYRRHA pool.............................. 77 E.M.J. Komen, P. Kupschus, K. Van Tichelen, H. Aït Abderrahim, F. Roelofs Comparative analysis of the benchmark activity results on the ADS target model.......................................................................................................................... 89 A. Sorokin, G. Bogoslovskaia, V. Mikhin, S. Marzinuk Free surface fluid dynamics code adaptation by experimental evidence for the MYRRHA spallation target .................................................................................... 101 K. Van Tichelen, P. Kupschus, M. Dierckx, H. Aït Abderrahim, F. Roelofs Thermohydraulic behaviour in an ADS target model ............................................................ 111 A. Peña, G.A. Esteban, J. Sancho Development and application of CFD codes MASKA-LM and PORT 3D for investigation of thermal hydraulics of lead cooled fast reactor BREST ............................ 119 A.A. Veremeev, V.Ya. Kumayev, A.A. Lebezov CFD simulation of X-ADS downcomer thermal stratification .............................................. 135 V. Anissimov, A. Alemberti Experiences from using the STAR-CD code for Pb-Bi-coolant flows .................................. 151 J. Carlsson, H. Wider CFD simulation of SINQ HETSS mercury experiments ....................................................... 165 T.V. Dury SESSION 2: REVIEW OF CURRENT AND PLANNED EXPERIMENTAL HLM PROGRAMS Thermal hydraulic research and development needs for lead fast reactors............................ 195 J.J. Sienicki, D.C. Wade, C.P. Tzanos Thermohydraulic research for the core of the BREST reactor............................................... 213 A.V. Zhukov, A.D. Efanov, A.P. Sorokin, J.A. Kuzina, V.P. Smirnov, A.I. Filin, A.G. Sila-Novitsky, V.N. Leonov Pre-test analysis of the MEGAPIE integral test with RELAP5 ............................................. 227 W.H. Leung, B. Sigg Experimental determination of the local heat transfer coefficient for MEGAPIE target window using infrared thermography ................................................... 243 J.A. Patorski, F. Gröschel, I. Platnieks Thermal-hydraulic ADS lead bismuth loop (tall) and experiments on a heat exchanger............................................................................................................ 259 B.R. Sehgal, W.M. Ma, A. Karbojian HELIOS for thermal-hydraulic behaviour of Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor peacer..................... 271 I.S. Lee, K.Y. Suh Void-fraction measurements in two-phase nitrogen-mercury flows...................................... 295 P. Satyamurthy, N.S. Dixit, P. Munshi SESSION 3: ELABORATION OF FUTURE ACTIVITIES Studies on heavy liquid metal thermal-hydraulics: Existing test facilities and test programs............................................................................ 307 J.U. Knebel, C. Fazio LIST OF PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................................... 315 SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION The use of heavy liquid metals (HLM) is rapidly diffusing in different research and industrial fields. The detailed knowledge of the basic thermal hydraulics phenomena associated with their use is a necessary step for the development of the numerical codes to be used in the R&D as well as in the engineering design of HLM components. This is particularly true in the case of high power particle beam targets and in the case of the cooling of accelerator driven sub-critical cores where the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) design codes is mandatory. The scope of the topical Technical Meeting on Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics was to provide a global forum for information exchange on the most recent theoretical and experimental studies of HLM thermal hydraulics. The main objective of the technical meeting was the assessment of the shortcomings of the present CFD codes used for HLM simulation and to propose future research activities, in both the numerical and experimental area. More specifically, the technical meeting: