FACTSHEET FOR FAMILIES October 2013 Adopting as a Single Parent Many single people are choosing to adopt, reflecting national trends toward greater acceptance of nontraditional What’s Inside: families. Nationally, approximately one-quarter of children • Making the decision to adopt and youth, or about 22 million, are growing up in single- parent households.1 In 2011, nearly one-third of adoptions • The path to adoption from foster care were completed by unmarried people. This • Parenting your child included adoptions by 1,400 single men and more than • Conclusion • Resources 1 U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Custodial mothers and fathers and their child support: 2007. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/ p60-237.pdf Child Welfare Information Gateway Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW Eighth Floor Washington, DC 20024 800.394.3366 Email: [email protected] Use your smartphone to https://www.childwelfare.gov access this factsheet online. Adopting as a Single Parent https://www.childwelfare.gov 13,000 single women.2 Several research much as you can about the core issues of studies have shown that adopted children adoption, the impact of trauma on children, raised by single parents experience and the special needs that many adopted outcomes that are as good as, if not better children experience can increase your than, those for children adopted by chances for success. couples.3 This factsheet discusses some of the main Despite these statistics, many single people issues to consider when making the decision report that they are more likely than couples to adopt as a single person. to experience challenges in completing an We recognize that this is just a starting point adoption. Biases that persist against single- on your adoption journey. Throughout this parent adoption in some circles reflect some factsheet, we will refer to other resources, of the disadvantages of single parenting, where they are relevant. Much more including greater financial pressures and the information about adoption is available on lack of a second parent with whom to share the Child Welfare Information Gateway responsibilities. Nonetheless, single adoptive website: https://www.childwelfare.gov/ parents are quick to point out that their adoption families also possess unique advantages. For example, some children who have experienced trauma or attachment difficulties may experience a higher degree Making the Decision of consistency and emotional safety with to Adopt single-parent than with dual-parent families. As one single adoptive parent said, The decision to adopt as a single parent involves a series of considerations, “It’s been a journey that I never, including, for some, whether to parent ever expected. One filled with alone (rather than wait for a partner) and challenges, hard times, and changing how to become a parent. This factsheet expectations.” focuses exclusively on the decision to build Although the desire to adopt a child is an your family through adoption. However, emotional one, the more realistic your if you are considering other paths to expectations are, the more likely you will becoming a single parent, you may find that be to complete a successful adoption and many of the issues discussed in this section develop a satisfying lifelong relationship apply to your situation, as well. with your child or children. Learning as It is important to note that there are other 2 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s options, besides parenting, for making a Bureau. (2012). The AFCARS report: Preliminary FY 2011 difference in children’s lives. If you decide estimates as of July 2012 (No. 19). Washington, DC: Author. single parenting is not right for you, you Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/ can still develop a special relationship afcarsreport19.pdf 3 Shireman, J. F. (1995). Adoptions by single parents. In M. B. with a child as an aunt or uncle, neighbor, Sussman & S. Hanson (Eds.), Single parent families: Diversity, teacher, group or club leader, respite care myths and realities (pp. 367–388). New York, NY: Routledge. This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare 2 Information Gateway. Available online at https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/single_parent.cfm Adopting as a Single Parent https://www.childwelfare.gov provider, court-appointed special advocate special physical, mental, or emotional (CASA), mentor, or even as a sponsor to a needs? A child from another country who child in another country. has spent time in institutional care? • If you consider your own parents to be Deciding to Parent part of your support system, consider It is a good idea for anyone making the their ages, health, and well-being. Might decision to parent to explore why you want you find yourself taking on caregiving a child. Experience has shown that if your responsibilities for your own parents urge to parent comes primarily from a desire before your children are grown? Are your to meet your own needs (e.g., loneliness, parents young and healthy enough that disappointment in romantic relationships, they can realistically provide backup unresolved fertility or other losses), childcare and support? parenting will prove more challenging and less satisfying for both you and your child. “I may be a single parent, but I’m not If, however, your desire to parent arises from raising my children alone.” a wish to meet a child’s needs and enjoy Experienced single parents suggest that you a relationship with him or her, adoption talk to friends and family about specific has a greater chance of a positive outcome. needs that might arise after you bring your As a single parent, some additional child home. For example: considerations include your support system, your job, and your finances. • Who will come over to help when you or your child is sick? Your Support System • Who will answer a phone call in the All parents need support; as a single parent, middle of the night? your support system will be especially • Who lives close by and can provide help critical. Consider the following questions at a moment’s notice, if needed? about your relationships with family and friends: • Is there someone you would trust to provide respite overnight or for a • Do you have people you are close to? Do weekend? you feel comfortable calling on them for help, and accepting help when they offer • Who could pick up your child from it? school, if you were stuck at work or in traffic? • Are your friends and family supportive of your decision to parent alone? • Whom could you trust to act as guardian for your child, in the event of your death? • How might your friends and family feel about the children who are available for If you have difficulty answering some of adoption? For example, will they support these questions, you may need to consider you in parenting an older child? A child whether your support system is strong of another race/ethnicity? A child with enough, or whether it might be advisable to focus on expanding it before you This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare 3 Information Gateway. Available online at https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/single_parent.cfm Adopting as a Single Parent https://www.childwelfare.gov adopt. Keep in mind that biological family members are just one option: friends and A NOTE ABOUT ROMANTIC “chosen family” may be just as important RELATIONSHIPS to you. Some families have even “adopted” grandparents. Other adoptive and single- If you decide to adopt, you may want parent families also can be a great source of to put dating on hold, at least for a mutual support or occasional respite. Your while. You should expect to spend your support system will naturally evolve over first few months to several years of time, and it is possible that new people will parenthood forming a secure, one-on- come into your life because of your child. one attachment as your child’s primary Unexpected new relationships are one of the caregiver. Even after that time, dating great benefits of parenting alone, if you are as a single adoptive parent poses some open to them. Nonetheless, it is essential significant challenges. These include to have strong supports in place prior to limited time and babysitting options, bringing your child home, and well before a as well as questions about when to crisis. introduce children to a new relationship and how to educate a new partner about “It really does take a village … and adoption issues and any special needs the best village is other adoptive your child might have. parents.” No matter how wonderful your support Your Job system, you will be the sole parent for your child. The lack of time for yourself and As a single parent, it is likely that you the amount of pressure and responsibility will be a working parent. Make sure your involved in parenting alone are significant expectations are realistic by envisioning factors to consider. Be honest with yourself what your weekdays will be like, in about your parenting style and expectations. addition to imagining weekends and other If you have very high expectations for special times with your child. Consider yourself or your children, or a tendency to the hours spent working, commuting, and be inflexible, single parenting may prove sleeping, as well as other routine parenting especially difficult. responsibilities such as preparing meals, completing housework, and helping with homework. Also evaluate the nature of your work and your employer’s culture. How compatible is your present career with the life of a single parent? For example: • Do you consider your employer to be family friendly? • Are there other parents and single parents in roles similar to yours at the company? If you are hoping for further promotions, how might parenting affect this goal? This material may be freely reproduced and distributed.