Public Disclosure Authorized WDP37 August 1988 3 7 UWorld Bank DiscussionPapers IncomeDistribution and Public Disclosure Authorized EconomicDevelopment in Madagascar SomeHistorical Statistics Public Disclosure Authorized Frederic L. Pryor FILECOPY 7N3 HC 895 Public Disclosure Authorized ,P78 1988 c.3 RECENT WORLD BANK DISCUSSION PAPERS No. 1. Public Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa. Jonn R. Nellis No. 2. Raising School Quality in Developing Countries: What Investments Boost Learning? Bruce Fuller No. 3. A System for Evaluating the Performance of Government-Invested Enterprises in the Republic of Korea. Young C. Park No. 4. Country Commitment to Development Projects. Richard Heaver and Arturo Israel No. 5. Public Expenditure in Latin America: Effects on Poverty. Guy P. Pfeffermann No. 6. Community Participation in Development Projects: The World Bank Experience. Samuel Paul No. 7. International Financial Flows to Brazil since the Late 1960s: An Analysis of Debt Expansion and Payments Problems. Paulo Nogueira Batista, Jr. No. 8. Macroeconomic Policies, Debt Accumulation, and Adjustment in Brazil, 1965-84. Celso L. Martone No. 9. The Safe Motherhood Initiative: Proposals for Action. Barbara Herz and Anthony R. Measham [Also available in French (9F) and Spanish (9S)] No. 10. Improving Urban Employment and Labor Productivity. Friedrich Kahnert No. 11. Divestiture in Developing Countries. Elliot Berg and Mary M. Shirley No. 12. Economic Growth and the Returns to Investment. Dennis Anderson No. 13. Institutional Development and Technical Assistance in Macroeconomic Policy Formulation: A Case Study of Togo. Sven B. Kjellstrom and Ayite-Fily d'Almeida No. 14. Managing Economic Policy Change: Institutional Dimensions. Geoffrey Lamb No. 15. Dairy Development and Milk Cooperatives: The Effects of a Dairy Project in India. George Mergos and Roger Slade No. 16. Macroeconomic Policies and Adjustment in Yugoslavia: Some Counterfactual Simulations. Fahrettin Yagci and Steven Kamin No. 17. Private Enterprise in Africa: Creating a Better Environment. Keith Marsden and Therese Belot No. 18. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation: Time for a Change. Anthony A. Churchill, with the assistance of David de Ferranti, Robert Roche, Carolyn Tager, Alan A. Walters, and Anthony Yazer (Continued on the inside back cover.) World Bank Comparative Studies THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF POVERTY, EQUITY, AND GROWTH Research Paper Number 2 37 KS World Bank Discussion Papers hicomeDistribution and EconomicDevelopment in Madagascar SomeHistorical Statistics Frederic L. Pryor INTEKNA1I(lAL MUNL -i.. rUND JOINT LIBRARY CW. j' ( 1988 INTERNATIONAL BANK IW RECONSTRUICTION AND LEVLOPMBEN WASHINGTON, D3.C 201 The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright (© 1988 The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 1988 Discussion Papers are not formal publications of the World Bank. They present preliminary and unpolished results of country analysis or research that is circulated to encourage discussion and comment; citation and the use of such a paper should take account of its provisional character. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pryor, Frederic L. Income distributionand economicdevelopment in Madagascar some historicalstatistics / FredericL. Pryor. p. cm. -- (World Bank discussionpapers ; 37) ISBN 0-8213-1086-0 1. Madagascar--Economicconditions--Statistics. 2. Income distribution--Madagascar--Statistics.3. Madagascar--Statistics. I. Title. II. Series. HC895.P781988 330.969'1--dcl9 88-17242 CIP iii Abstract This discussion paper covers important economic statistics of Madagascar from the 1950's through 1986. It also discusses the various data sources, analyzes particular data problems, and presents a number of new estimates. Topics include land usage, population and labor force, agriculture,manufactur- ing, national accounts, foreign trade, price and exchange rates, wages, distribution of family income, education and health, government expenditures and finance, and other financial statistics. IV Foreword This is the second research publication of the World Bank Comparative Study on the Political Economy of Poverty, Equity, and Growth. The first in the series is a parallel paper containing historical statistics on growth and income distributionfor Malawi. The entire project, which focuses on 21 countries, has several purposes. For each country a monograph is being written which outlines the major forces underlying the country's performance with regard to the three themes in the project title. For some of the countries, relevant statistics and studies are readily available and the major task is to interpret events which have received considerabledocumentation. For other countries such as Madagascar,which have not received a great deal of attentionin the literature on economic developme- nt, it has been necessary to create a data base before the research can be completed. For still other countries, special analyses of particular policies or events must be carried out. This research paper presents a data base for the economy of Madagascar. It draws not only upon the various official publications of Madagascar and data from World Bank reports, but also hitherto unpublished reports of the Malagasy government. In writing this paper the author also discussed a number of statistical issues with responsible governmental authorities in Madagascar, although the government is not responsible for the use which the author has made of its data. In certain cases such as the resolution of discrepenciesin various data series, the government of Madagascar provided no explanation. Deepak Lal lilaMyint George Psacharopoulos Project Directors vii Table of Contents Page A. Land I B. Population and Labor Force 5 C. Agriculture 11 D. Manufacturing 16 E. Aggregate Production 19 F. Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments 27 C. Price and Exchange Rates 35 H. Labor Force and Wages in the Modern Sector 39 I. The Distribution of Family Income 43 J. Education and Health 55 K. The Government Sector 64 L. Money, Finance and Savings 72 Table of Tables A-1: Land Usage I A-2: Estimated Annual Planted Area of Major Crops 2 A-3: Rural Population and Land Usage by Province in 1975 3 A-4: The Size Distribution of Land Holdings in 1961/62 4 B-1: The Population and Labor Force 6 B-2: Population by Age Group, Selected Years 7 B-3: Labor Force by Age Group, Selected Years 8 B-4: The Urban-Rural Distribution of the Population 9 B-5: The Regional Distribution of the Population 10 C-1: Indicators of Agricultural Producer Prices 13 C-2: Miscellaneous Agricultural Price and Marketing Data 15 D-1: Indexes of Manufacturing Production 17 E-la: GDP and Components in Current Market Prices: Production 20 E-lb: GDP End Use in Current Market Prices 22 E-2: GDP and Components in Constant 1970 Quasi-Factor Prices 23 F-1: Exports, Imports, and Trade Price Series 30 F-2: Export Aggregates in Current Prices 31 F-3: Import Aggregates in Current Prices 32 F-4a: The Balance of Payments: Current Accounts 33 F-4b: The Balance of Payments: Capital and Foreign Asset Accounts 34 G-1: GDP Deflator and Retail Price Series 35 G-2: Exchange Rate Indicators 37 H-1: The Labor Force and Wages in the "Modern Sector" 40 H-2: The Evolution of the minimum Hourly Wage (SMIG) 41 H-3: Registered Urban Unemployment 42 I-1: Unadjusted