Psalter and Hymnal The Leonard Library OTpcltffe College Toronto shelf No....\.:3.. .... STACKS Register No.... ...&.. I ,; J^^"fl ; I I ISHiH I 999 - - and F. G. EDWARDS. Romance of Psalter and Hymnal, cr. 8vo, doth, 2s. 1889 ROMANCE OF PSALTER AND HYMNAL. Presented to Wycliffe College Library, Toronto, by Magistrate James Edmund Jones, Convener and Secretary Hymnal Committee, General Synod, 1905 - 1938 ROMANCE OF PSALTER AND HYMNAL antr gurijxcrrs KY THE REV. R. E. WELSH, M.A., AND F. G. EDWARDS, " Author of United Praise" HODDER AND STOUGHTON, 27, PATERNOSTER ROW, MDCCCLXXX1X. Printed by Hazel), Watson, & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. PREFACE. r I ^HE past thirty years have witnessed the issue of a host of Hymnals, each having its own special feature or guiding purpose. The Tractarian Movement and, at an earlier period, the Methodist Revival, awakened emotions and left tastes and ten dencies which contributed largely to this outburst of the Churches into song. Roundell Palmer's Book Praise and Ancient and of ', Hymns Modern^ published in 1860, of which a million copies have been sold every year, are significant landmarks. This multiplication of Hymnals has naturally excited a new and keener curiosity regarding the makers and the historic associations of the Hymns and Psalms with which our lips have become so familiar. The present volume seeks to meet and guide this new takes of our choicest sacred curiosity ; some PREFACE. verse and endeavours to throw around it the living interest of curious origin, personal incident, and historic episode, which weave for us a veritable romance, the Romance of Sacred Piaise. The scope of the book is too wide to leave room for much literary criticism or exhaustive detail. It makes no claim to be a Dictionary of Hymnology, or complete book of reference. Specialists must go elsewhere. It perhaps attempts to cover too wide a field, and, in consequence, much that was written has had to be excluded but its is to be a ; object companion to the entire Praise, literary and musical, of the Christian Church, giving to well-known Psalms, Hymns, and Tunes the charm of having a history. The facts have been gleaned from many fields. For the story of the Psalter I have been under great obligations to Dean Stanley, Four Friends (Ewald), Maclaren, Van Dyke, and Dr. Ker. I have also to thank Dean Perowne for courteous and cordial permission to make frequent use of his vivid translation of The Psalms. this Although work is not critical, the conclu sions of Professor Robertson Smith and Canon PREFACE. Cheyne on the one hand, and of Canon Fausset on the other, have not been overlooked. The historic setting of many of the Psalms is a matter of and some of I probability only ; my positions assume with considerable diffidence. In relating the story of the Hymnal, I have made large use of the biographies of many of the Hymn-writers; and, whilst making fresh additions to modern Hymnology, I owe much to Duffield, King, and other previous workers in the same field. This Companion would be incomplete without some account of the makers of the Music to which our best-loved are wedded and this hymns ; part of the work has been committed to the hands of my musical friend the author of United Praise. R. E. W. ST. GEORGE'S, BRONDESBURY, LONDON, N.W. The biographical sketches of representative modern hymn-tune composers, forming Part III. (p. 273) of this book, have been prepared at the suggestion of my friend the Rev. R. E. Welsh, M.A. Like much other biographical matter, the material PREFACE. for them has been gathered from various sources, largely from periodical literature. I must express my indebtedness to my friend Mr. J. Spencer Curwen (whose books Studies in Worship Music, First and Second Series, are invaluable to all who take an interest in Church Music) for much infor mation contained in his to writings ; and Mrs. Gauntlett for kindly giving me some interesting details relating to her late husband, Dr. Gauntlett. F. G. E. SOUTH HAMPSTEAD, Midsummer Day, 1889. CONTENTS. PART I. PSALTER. I'AGK I. GENERAL SURVEY: CHRIST'S HYMNAL; THE PSALMS IN HISTORY 3 II. SONGS OF A SHEPHERD 15 III. CAVE SONGS: IMPRECATORY 31 IV. CORONATION AND PROCESSIONAL HYMNS . 38 V. A ROYAL PENITENT'S WAIL 47 VI. PSALMS OF A ROYAL FUGITIVE 5& VII. SONGS OF SOLOMON 67 VIII. ODES OF VICTORY 79 IX. SONGS IN A STRANGE LAND 86 X. PILGRIM SONGS 99 PART II. HYMNAL. I. GENERAL SURVEY. 1. Nilometer of the Church 113 2. The Church Universal 116 118 3. Children's Hymns 4. Sermonic Hymns 123 5. Introspective Hymns 123 6. Sensuous Hymns 125 7. Hymns or Soliloquies ? 125 8. Rejected Hymns , , 127 CONTENTS. II. EARLY CHRISTIAN HYMNS : PAGE " " " : 1. Primitive Church Praise Tersanctus ; Gloria " in Excelsis "Gloria ; Patri"; '^Lamp-lighting Hymn" . .129 " " 2. of and : Hymns Heresy Orthodoxy Bardesan ; "Ephrem"; "Synesius" ..... 131 3. Ambrosian Hymns : "TeDeum" . -134 Ambrose 4. ........ 135 Prudentius and Anatolius . 5. .136 6. the : Gregory Great Gregorian Music . 137 III. HYMNS FROM THE CLOISTERS : 1. Monks of Mar Saba ...... 140 2. Monks of the Studium ...... 143 Bernards . 3. The Two . .143 From a Prison 4. and a Palace ..... 146 "Dies Irae" 5. ........ 148 IV. HYMNS OF THE REFORMATION : 1. Martin Luther ....... 150 2. Nicolai ......... 153 Gustavus 3. Adolphus ...... 153 4. Rinckart ........ 154 V. CLASSIC ENGLISH POETS : 1. Milton ......... 158 2. Dryden ......... 158 Addison 3. ........ Itjp, 4. Sir Walter Scott ....... 161 Kirke White 5. ........ i6 T VI. CLASSIC EVENING HYMNS : 1. Lyte ..... ... 163 2. Ken ......... !66 VII. PURITAN HYMNS : I- Watts ........ .170 2. Doddridge CONTENTS. VIII. METHODIST REVIVAL HYMNS. PAG 1. Toplady 181 2. Wesley 186 IX. OLNEY HYMNS : 1. Cowper 195 2. Newton 200 X. CLASSIC MISSIONARY HYMNS : 1. Heber 207 2. Montgomery . .210 XI. EVANGELICAL HYMNS : 1. Charlotte Elliott 215 2. Bonar 218 3. Ray Palmer 220 4. Havergal 221 XII. OXFORD HYMNS : 1. Newman 228 2. Faber 233 3. Keble 238 XIII. HYMNS OF FOUR BROAD CHURCH DEANS : 1. Stanley 241 2. Milman 242 3. Alford 243 4. Plumptre 244 XIV. HYMNS OF THREE BISHOPS : 1. Bickersteth 245 2. Wordsworth . 246 " 3. Walsham How . ." 247 XV. HYMNS OF THREE POET-VICARS : 1. Monsell 248 2. Ellerton . 249 3. Stone 250 xii CONTENTS. XVI. HYMNS OF AMERICAN POETS : PAGE 1. Oliver Wendell Holmes 253 2. J. G. Whittter 255 3. W. C. Bryant 258 XVII. HYMNS OF THREE FEMALE SINGERS : 1. Adelaide A. Procter 261 2. Jean Ingelow 264 3. Harriet Auber 264 XVIII. LAST, BUT NOT LEAST : 1. T. T. Lynch 266 2. Adams 269 3. Palgrave 270 XIX. RETROSPECT 272 PART \\\.SOME HYMN-TUNE COMPOSERS. I. DR. H. J. GAUNTLETT 277 II. HENRY SMART 285 III. DR. E. J. HOPKINS 295 IV. REV. J. B. DYKES, Mus. Doc 302 V. DR. W. H. MONK 310 VI. SIR JOHN STAINER 3^ VII. SIR ARTHUR SULLIVAN 327 VIII. MR. BARNEY JOSEPH 332 INDEX I. Psalms Mentioned 34! II. Mentioned Hymns 342 III. Hymn-Writers Mentioned 348 IV. Hymn-Tune Composers Mentioned . .350 V. Hymn-Tunes Mentioned PART I. ROMANCE OF THE PSALTER. I. GENERAL SURVEY OF THE PSALTER. I. CHRIST'S BOOK OF PRAISE. Bible, like each separate Book in it, has a THEnatural history. It was not always a bound volume. Its sixty-six Books sprang from distinct human experiences, and cover a period as long as the Christian era. We are, perhaps, prepared to believe that the historical Books were the product of natural circumstances as truly as were Homer's Odyssey 1 and Bunyan's Pilgrim s Progress; but to one Book we have not been in the habit of applying this conception. The Psalter has been to some a sort of Melchisedec in the Bible, "without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days nor end of life." Others have always had the vague idea that to David belonged the entire Book. Are they not called "The Psalms of David"? It is wonderful how devoutly we have read and loved them, how profitably we have used them, and yet how little curiosity we have shown as to the ROMANCE OF THE PSALTER. lives and histories and experiences which they crystallize. Who collected them ? Are the inscriptions pre fixed to most of them of the same date as the Psalms themselves ? How can we understand and use the Psalms of Cursing ? What are the Songs of Degrees ? " Why that clause at the end of Ps. Ixxii., The prayers of David the Son of Jesse are ended," while, later, several Psalms bearing his name are given ? " What is the reference in Lift up your heads, O " ye gates ? These and scores of questions like these we have been content to leave in nebulous mystery. It would add greatly to the charm and living interest of the Psalms if we could give the Romance of their history. It is possible to do for some of them what we can " do for Lyte's Abide with me," Newman's "Lead, " kindly Light," and Havergal's Thy life was given for me." The former is not so easy a task. The Psalms are so ancient that fewer sidelights remain for us. But we can do much to surround them with tales of their origin, the tragic and pathetic episodes of their history. Regard the Book for the nonce purely as a hymnal, Christ's Hymnal, used by the Jews as their Book of Praise. Examine it as you would examine Hymns Ancient and Modern. Its name explains its contents. As the lyre gave its name to lyric poetry, the stringed instrument to GENERAL SURVEY OF THE PSALTER.