69- 18,470 BUSCH, Gary Kenneth, 1940- PAN-AFRICANISM AND PAN-AFRICAN TRADE UNIONS. The American University, Ph.D., 1969 Political Science, international law and relations University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan (C)Copyright by GARY KENNETH BUSCH 1969 PAN-AFRICANISM AND. PAN-AFRICAN TRADE UNIONS by Gary Kenneth Busch Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of The American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations Signatures of Commj.^tee: Chairman: 7 7 T :---- 77 t U 't / u Deanrof the Schoo Date ■ f /U? 1969 AMERICAN (JNiVERS. i library The American University Washington, D.C. MAY 23 196» WASHINGTON. 0. C 3 IS? PREFACE * This paper will attempt to describe the genesis of Pan-African labor movements in their relationship to the wider, international, Pan- African political movements. The general format will be to first describe the development of the political institutions of Pan-Africanism in a chron­ ological survey and follow this with the chronology of Pan-African labor developments during the same period. There will be references to the early developments of labor movements in Africa, but the major emphasis of th*is study will be on the period following 1960. There will be little discussion of the development of the labor movements within African countries. Examples illustrative of general trends in the development of African trade unionism will be drawn from specific national movements when applicable. However, the scope of the paper is limited to the inter-African relations of political and labor groups. Another area which will not be covered in this study is the role of non-African political and labor bodies in the internal affairs of the African states and labor organizations. The interactions of the ICFTU, the WFTU, and the International Trade, Secretariats with African unions will not be discussed. The activities of the AFL-CIO, the Deutsche Gewerkschafts Bund, the Histadrut and the large number of foundations whose overt and covert assistance influenced African labor politics will not be discussed here. These are all areas for fruitful study, but exceed the more narrow scope of this paper. iii It is hoped that this study will provide a general framework for the examination of the development of African labor movements in the context of African political pressures and African political movements. i TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................ iv GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................... vi Chapter Page I. THE ROOTS OF PAN-AFRICANISM: THE PRE-I960 E R A .......... 1 Pan-Africanism Before 1960 The Conference of Independent African States The PAFMECA The All-African Peoples Conference Footnotes II. THE ROOTS OF PAN-AFRICAN LABOR MOVEMENTS: THE PRE- 1960 ERA ......................................... 33 The UGTAN The First African Regional Conference of the ICFTU The CASL The UPTC Footnotes III. THE SEPARATE PATHS: PAN-AFRICANISM FROM 1960-1962 .... 57 The Second All-African Peoples Conference The Second Conference of Independent African States The Brazzaville Group The Casablanca Group The Third All-African Peoples Conference The Monrovia Group PAFMECSA Footnotes IV. RHETORIC AND RESISTANCE: PAN-AFRICAN LABOR 1960-1962 . 88 The Third African Regional ICFTU Conference The AATUF The ATUC Footnotes V. UNITY ACHIEVED ON PAPER: PAN-AFRICANISM 1963-1964 ........ 117 The OAU The Congo Crisis The First OAU Heads of State Conference Footnotes V Table of Contents, cont. Chapter Page VI. THE ELUSIVE AGREEMENT: PAN-AERICAN LABOR 1963-1964 .... 143 The Unity Meeting of ATUC-AATUF The UPTC Second Congress The Fourth AFRO Congress The Second AATUF Congress The AFRO Board Meeting Footnotes VII. THE RESOLUTION OF HOSTILITIES: PAN-AFRICANISM 1965-1966 . 171 The OCAM The OAU Heads of State Conference at Accra The OAU Summit Meeting at Addis Ababa Footnotes VIII. MOVEMENTS WITHOUT LEADERS: PAN-AFRICAN LABOR 1965-1966 . 197 The ATUC Congress in Lagos The AATUF Executive Board Meeting in Dar-es-Salaam Footnotes IX. THE TURNING INWARD: PAN-AFRICANISM 1967-1968 ........... 221 The OAU Heads of State Meeting at Kinshasa The OAU Summit Meeting at Algiers Footnotes X. THE DRIFT TOWARD UNITY: PAN-AFRICAN LABOR 1967-1968 . 238 The AATUF Executive Board Meeting The Second Dakar Merger Meeting Footnotes XI. SOME CONCLUSIONS AND SPECULATIONS...................... 250 Subversion and Cold War Footnotes BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................. 267 BIBLIOGRAPHIC N O T E S ............................ 275 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AAPC All-African Peoples Conference AAPO All-African Peoples Organization AASC Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference AATUF All-African Trade Union Federation ACFTU All-China Federation of Trade Unions AEF Afrique Equatorial Francaise, French Equatorial Africa AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations AFRO African Regional Organization of the ICFTU •t ” ANC African National Congress (Zambia) AOF Afrique Occidentale Francaise, French West Africa ARO Asian Regional Organization of the ICFTU / ASP Afro-Shirazi Party (Zanzibar) ATUC African Trade Union Confederation BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BDS Bloc Democratique Senegalaise, Senegalese Democratic Bloc CA Convention Africaine, African Convention CASL Confederation Africaine de Syndicats Libres, African Confederation of Free Trade Unions CATC Confederation Africaine des Travailleurs Croyants, African Confederation of Believing Workers CATC-B Confederation Africaine des Travailleurs Croyants-Brazzaville, African Confederation of Believing Workers-Brazzaville CFC Co-ordinating Freedom Council (PAFMECA) CFOS Comite de Fusion des Organisations Syndicale, Fusion Committee of Union Organizations (Congo-Brazzaville) CFTC Confederation Francaise des Travailleurs Chretiens, French Confederation of Christian Workers vii CGAT Confederation Generale Aefienne du Travail, General Confedera­ tion of Labor of the AEF CGIL Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro, Italian General Confederation of Labor CGT Confederation Generale du Travail, General Confederation of Labor, France CGTA Confederation Generale des Travailleurs Africain, African General Confederation of Labor CGT-FO Confederation Generale du Travail-Force Otivriere, General Confederation of Labor-Workers1 Force (France) CGTT Confederation Generale des Travailleurs Tunisiennes, General Confederation of Tunisian Workers CIAS Conference of Independent African States CNTG Confederation Nationale des Travailleurs Guineens, National Confederation of Guinean Workers COTU Central Organization of Trade Unions (Kenya) CPP Convention Peoples Party (Ghana) CSL Confederazione Somalo del Lavoro, Somali Confederation of Labor CSLC Confederation des Syndicats Libres du Congo, Congolese Con­ federation of Free Trade Unions (Kinshasa) EACSO East African Common Services Organization EAEC East African Economic Community EA’TUC East African Trades Union Congress EEC European Economic Community EUAC Etats Unis de 1'Afrique Central, United States of Central Africa EXCO Executive Council FLING Frente de Libertacao de la Independencia Nacional da Guine, National Liberation and Independence Front of Portuguese Guinea GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade viii GEC Groupes d'Etudes Communistes, Communist Study Groups GPRA Gouvernement Provisoire de la Republique Algerienne, Provisional Government of Algeria GTUC Ghanaian Trades Union Congress IAMSO Inter-African and Malagasy Organization (Monrovia Group) ICATU International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICU Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Africa (South Africa) IFCTU International Federation of Christian Trade Unions ILO International Labor Organization IOM Independants d 'Outre-Mer, Overseas Independents' Party (AEF and AOF) IWW Industrial Workers of the World (U.S.A.) JAC Joint Action Committee (Nigeria) KADU Kenya African Democratic Union KANU Kenya African National Union KAWU JCenya African Workers Union KFL Kenya Federation of Labor KFPTU Kenya Federation of Progressive Trade Unions KLM Royal Dutch Airlines KTUC Kenya Trades Union Congress LEGCO Legislative Council LUF Labor Unity Front (Nigeria) MEOCAM Mouvement d'Etudiants de PCAM. OCAM Students' Movement MPLA Movimento Popular para Libertacao da Angola. Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola MSA Mouvement Socialiste Africain, African Socialist Movement (AOF and AEF) ix NLC National Liberation Council (Ghana) NTUC Nigerian Trades Union Congress NUR National Union of Railway and Ports Workers (Nigeria) NUTA National Union of Tanzanian Workers NWC Nigerian Workers Council OAMCE Organisation Africaine et Malgache de Cooperation Economique, African and Madagascan Organization of Economic Co­ operation = OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Organisation Commune Africaine et Malgache, African and Madagascan Communal Organization ORIT Organizacion Regional Interamericano de Trabajadores, Inter- american Regional Organization of Workers (ICFTU) PAFMECA Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa PAFMECSA Pan-African Freedom Movement of East, Central and Southern Africa PAI Parti Africain de 11Independance, African Independence Party (Senegal) PAIGC Partido Africano da Independencia da Guine e_ Cago Verde, African Independence Party of Guinea and the Capo Verde Islands