Terminology List for the Nervous System Nerve cell: neuron, cell body, axon, dendrite, axon hillock, axon terminal, synaptic cleft, neuroglia, Schwann cells, myelin, Nodes of Ranvier, neurilemma, endoneurium Human Brain: cerebrum: right and left cerebral hemispheres transverse fissure longitudinal fissure lateral sulcus central sulcus parieto-occipital sulcus precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe insula cortex basal nuclei (=cerebral nuclei or basal ganglia) corpus callosum septum pellucidum fornix internal capsule cerebellum: right and left cerebellar hemispheres vermis cortex arbor vitae diencephalon: epithalamus (pineal body, pineal gland) thalamus intermediate mass hypothalamus infundibulum pituitary gland mammillary bodies brainstem: midbrain (=mesencephalon) corpora quadrigemina superior colliculi inferior colliculi cerebral peduncles pons cerebellar peduncles medulla oblongata pyramids Sheep Brain: Cerebrum: cerebral hemispheres, gyri, sulci, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, optic nerves, optic chiasma, corpus callosum Diencephalon: epithalamus (or pineal gland), thalamus hypothalamus, pituitary gland Cerebellum: arbor vitae Brain Stem: midbrain pons medulla Meninges & Ventricles: dura mater, arachnoid layer, subacrachnoid space, pia mater, falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, choroid plexuses, arachnoid villi (=arachnoid granulations) Spinal cord: central canal, posterior median sulcus, anterior median fissure, gray matter, white matter (tracts), anterior, lateral and posterior horns of grey matter, meninges; dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater, subarachnoid space, epidural space General Terminology: nucleus, ganglion, tract, nerve, epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium, nerve fiber PNS-Cranial Nerves: Cerebrum: I. Olfactory Nerve (filaments) (also: olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts) II. Optic Nerve (also: optic chiasma, optic tracts) Midbrain: III. Oculomotor Nerve IV. Trochlear Nerve pons: V. Trigeminal Nerve VI. Abducens VII. Facial medulla: VIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve X. Vagus Nerve XI. Accessory Nerve XII. Hypoglossal Nerve PNS-Spinal Nerves: dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion (sensory), ventral root (motor), Cervical Plexus (C1 - C5), Phrenic Nerve, Brachial Plexus (C5 - C8, T1), Lumbar Plexus (L1 - L4), Sacral Plexus (L4 - S4) Autonomic NS: Sympathetic Branch: sympathetic trunks are comprised of fibers mainly from the thoracic spinal nerves which form a pair of "chain ganglia" anterior and lateral to the vertebral column Parasympathetic Branch: individual fibers from cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X and sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, and S4. Innervation of most visceral organs is from fibers of the Vagus (X) Nerve .