GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 7 / 2017 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Contents GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 7 / 2017 COLUMNS p. 581 569 What’s New AMS2 melee diamond tester| p. 586 MiNi photography system| Spectra diamond colorimeter| Lab Information Circular| Gemmological Society of Japan abstracts|Bead-cultured blister pearls from Pinctada maculata|Rubies from Cambo- dia and Thailand|Goldsmiths’ S. Bruce-Lockhart photo Review|Topaz and synthetic moissanite imitating rough diamonds|Santa Fe Symposium proceedings|Colour-change ARTICLES glass imitating garnet rough| Thanh Nhan Bui photo M2M diamond-origin tracking service|More historical reading Feature Articles lists 598 The Linkage Between Garnets Found in India at the 572 Gem Notes Arikamedu Archaeological Site and Their Source at Cat’s-eye aquamarine from Meru, the Garibpet Deposit Kenya|Colour-zoned beryl from By Karl Schmetzer, H. Albert Gilg, Ulrich Schüssler, Jayshree Pakistan|Coloration of green dravite from Tanzania|Enstatite Panjikar, Thomas Calligaro and Patrick Périn from Emali, Kenya|Grossular from Tanga, Tanzania|Natrolite 628 Simultaneous X-Radiography, Phase-Contrast from Portugal|Large matrix opal and Darkfield Imaging to Separate Natural from carving|Sapphires from Tigray, Cultured Pearls northern Ethiopia|Whewellite from the Czech Republic| By Michael S. Krzemnicki, Carina S. Hanser and Vincent Revol Inclusions in sunstone feldspar from Norway and topaz from Sri 640 Camels, Courts and Financing the French Blue Lanka|Quartz with a tourmaline Diamond: Tavernier’s Sixth Voyage ‘pinwheel’ inclusion|Viewing By Jack Ogden acicular inclusions in 12-rayed star sapphires|Black non-nacre- ous pearls from Pteria sp.| 652 Counterfeiting Gems in the 16th Century: Giovan Pink synthetic spinel with Battista Della Porta on Glass ‘Gem’ Making large negative crystal|Filled By Annibale Mottana phosphosiderite|Myanmar Jade and Gems Emporium 668 Conferences Mediterranean Gem & Jewellery Conference|Swiss Gemmological Society Cover Photo: This cloisonné-style disc brooch Congress/European Gemmological Symposium (5.75 cm in diameter, from Un- terhaching, near Munich, Ger- many) is set with thin, doubly 674 Gem-A Notices polished garnet plates of up to 2.8 cm long and 1 mm thick. The origin of such garnets in early medieval European jew- 676 Learning Opportunities ellery is widely debated and often attributed to India. A provenance study focusing on 679 New Media Indian garnet beads appears on pages 598–627 of this issue. Photo by M. Eberle, © Archäologische Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany. 684 Literature of Interest The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL and GIT. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx/doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2017.35.7 i The Journal of emmology G THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN Editor-in-Chief Production Editor Marketing Consultant Brendan M. Laurs Mary A. Burland Ya’akov Almor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 21 Ely Place Executive Editor Editor Emeritus Editorial Assistants London EC1N 6TD Alan D. Hart Roger R. Harding Carol M. Stockton Sarah Salmon UK Associate Editors t: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Ahmadjan Abduriyim, Tokyo Gem Science, Tokyo, Japan; Raquel Alonso-Perez, Harvard Univer- f: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 sity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Edward Boehm, RareSource, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA; e: [email protected] Maggie Campbell Pedersen, Organic Gems, London; Alan T. Collins, King’s College London; John w: www.gem-a.com L. Emmett, Crystal Chemistry, Brush Prairie, Washington, USA; Emmanuel Fritsch, Uni- versity of Nantes, France; Rui Galopim de Carvalho, Portugal Gemas, Lisbon, Portugal; Lee Registered Charity No. 1109555 A. Groat, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Thomas Hainschwang, A company limited by guarantee and GGTL Laboratories, Balzers, Liechtenstein; Henry A. Hänni, GemExpert, Basel, Switzer- registered in England No. 1945780 land; Jeff W. Harris, University of Glasgow; Alan D. Hart, Gem-A, London; Ulrich Henn, Registered office: Palladium House, German Gemmological Association, Idar-Oberstein; Jaroslav Hyršl, Prague, Czech Repub- 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD lic; Brian Jackson, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh; Stefanos Karampelas, Bah- rain Institute for Pearls & Gemstones (DANAT), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain; Lore Kiefert, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Hiroshi Kitawaki, Central Gem Labo- ratory, Tokyo, Japan; Michael S. Krzemnicki, Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF, Basel; Shane F. McClure, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Jack M. Ogden, President Striptwist Ltd., London; Federico Pezzotta, Natural History Museum of Milan, Italy; Jeffrey Maggie Campbell Pedersen E. Post, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; Andrew H. Rankin, Kingston Univer- sity, Surrey; Benjamin Rondeau, University of Nantes, France; George R. Rossman, Califor- Vice Presidents nia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Karl Schmetzer, Petershausen, Germany; Diet- David J. Callaghan mar Schwarz, Federated International GemLab, Bangkok, Thailand; Menahem Sevdermish, Alan T. Collins Gemewizard Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel; Guanghai Shi, China University of Geosciences, Bei- jing; James E. Shigley, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Christopher Noel W. Deeks P. Smith, American Gemological Laboratories Inc., New York, New York; Evelyne Stern, Lon- E. Alan Jobbins don; Elisabeth Strack, Gemmologisches Institut Hamburg, Germany; Tay Thye Sun, Far East Andrew H. Rankin Gemological Laboratory, Singapore; Pornsawat Wathanakul, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Chris M. Welbourn, Reading, Berkshire; Bert Willems, Leica Microsystems, Wetz- Honorary Fellows lar, Germany; Bear Williams, Stone Group Laboratories LLC, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA; Gaetano Cavalieri J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, National Museum of Natural History ‘Naturalis’, Leiden, The Netherlands. Terrence S. Coldham Emmanuel Fritsch Content Submission The Editor-in-Chief is glad to consider original articles, news items, conference/excursion Honorary Diamond Member reports, announcements and calendar entries on subjects of gemmological interest for Martin Rapaport publication in The Journal of Gemmology. A guide to the various sections and the preparation of manuscripts is given at www.gem-a.com/index.php/news-publications/publications/ Chief Executive Officer journal-of-gemmology/submissions, or contact the Production Editor. Alan D. Hart Subscriptions Council Gem-A members receive The Journal as part of their membership package, full details Justine L. Carmody – Chair of which are given at www.gem-a.com/membership. Laboratories, libraries, museums and Kathryn L. Bonanno similar institutions may become direct subscribers to The Journal. Paul F. Greer Advertising Kerry H. Gregory Enquiries about advertising in The Journal should be directed to the Marketing Consultant. Joanna Hardy For more information, see www.gem-a.com/index.php/news-publications/publications/ Nigel B. Israel journal-of-gemmology/advertising. Jack M. Ogden Philip Sadler Database Coverage Christopher P. Smith The Journal of Gemmology is covered by the following abstracting and indexing services: Australian Research Council academic journal list, British Library Document Supply Branch Chairmen Service, Chemical Abstracts (CA Plus), Copyright Clearance Center’s RightFind ap- Midlands – Georgina E. Kettle plication, CrossRef, EBSCO (Academic Search International, Discovery Service and North East – Mark W. Houghton TOC Premier), Gale/Cengage Learning Academic OneFile, GeoRef, Index Copernicus South East – Veronica Wetten ICI Journals Master List, Mineralogical Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (ProQuest), South West – Richard M. Slater Scopus and the Thomson Reuters’ Emerging Sources Citation Index (in the Web of Science). Copyright and Reprint Permission For full details of copyright and reprint permission contact the Editor-in-Chief. The Journal of Gemmology is published quarterly by Gem-A, The Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Any opinions expressed in The Journal are understood to be the views of the contributors and not necessarily of the publisher. Printed by DG3 (Europe) Ltd. © 2017 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Understanding Gems ™ ISSN: 1355-4565 Cert no. TT-COC-002454 ii The Journal of Gemmology, 35(7), 2017 What’s New INSTRUMENTATION AMS2 Automated Melee Testing Instrument image deterioration, In August 2017, De Beers’ International Institute as well as more ad- of Diamond Grading & Research (IIDGR) released vanced colour correc- the next-generation Automated Melee Testing in- tion and customizable strument, called AMS2, for the separation of poten- colour background. The tial synthetics and simulants system generates still from natural diamond melee. images and 360º vid- This instrument uses a new eos of diamonds ranging from 50 to 0.10 ct (and measurement technique that smaller, with an additional lens), along with table- enables significantly lower to-culet and ‘hearts and arrows’ imaging. The unit is referral rates for natural dia- approximately 61 cm long and weighs about 7 kg. monds. Compared to the first- A vacuum-based stone holder permits up to 99% of generation AMS, the AMS2 is a polished diamond to be displayed. Visit https:// designed to be faster, more v360.in/b2bmini.aspx. CMS accurate and more affordable, with the ability to process smaller sizes and all polished shapes. Like Spectra Diamond