Advanced Computer Networks cs 538 fall 2011 Brighten Godfrey [email protected] Fall 2011 slides ©2010-2011 by Brighten Godfrey except photographs (from Computer History Museum) and unless otherwise noted To d ay Course Overview Internet History Your Future This course • is instructed by Brighten Godfrey ([email protected], 3128 Siebel) • takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30 - 4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel • comes with FREE office hours: currently, Tuesdays after class and by appointment • has a web site: http://www.cs.illinois.edu/~pbg/ courses/cs538fa11/ Your instructor • Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, 2009 • Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity • Research interests: • Reliable, flexible, and efficient networked systems • Algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems Course goal • Prepare ourselves to perform high-quality research advancing the field of networking Course components • Networking literature • The classics • The challenges • The latest • Research project • How to read, criticize, and present research Major topics • Core architecture • Classic Internet architecture • Congestion control • Forwarding • Routing • Naming • Making it work well • Reliability, scalability, selfishness, security • Domain-specific networks • Enterprise, data center, P2P, wireless Requirements & grading • Project (45%) • Midterm presentation (10%) • Final paper (20%) • Final poster presentation (15%) • Assignments, quizzes (15%) • Paper reviews (15%) • Paper presentations (15%) • Class participation (10%) 1. Project • Research project that could be developed into a conference submission • Work alone or in groups of two • Project topics • Explore your own ideas • Next lecture: some suggestions • Steps • Project proposal (3 weeks from now) • Midterm presentation • Final poster presentation and paper 2. Readings • Generally one or two papers per lecture • Submit a review on the wiki by 11:59pm the night before we discuss the paper • For each paper, a review is • At least 2 comments • About one paragraph (longer is not better) • Don’t just repeat what we already read in the paper! 3. Topic presentations • 20 minute presentation on one topic in the course • 10 minutes of “depth” on one paper, including key concepts, techniques, results, and your criticism • 10 minutes of “breadth” comparing to 2-3 other papers and the required reading • 20 minutes of discussion during/after • At least 2 days before it happens, meet with me to show me your presentation 4. Assignments • 2-3 homeworks or quizzes during the semester 5. Class participation • Comment, question, and interact! • Discuss on the course wiki To d ay Course Overview Internet History Your Future Visions • Vannevar Bush, “As we may think” (1945): memex • J. C. R. Licklider (1962): “Galactic Network” • Concept of a global network of computers connecting people with data and programs Bush • First head of DARPA computer research, Licklider October 1962 Circuit switching 1920s 1967 [Getty Images] [US Air Force] 1961-64: Packet switching Datagram packet Circuit Switching switching Physical channel carrying stream of Message broken into short packets, data from source to destination each handled separately Three phase: setup, data transfer, One operation: send packet tear-down Packets stored (queued) in each Data transfer involves no routing router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor 1961-64: Packet switching • Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis (1961-63) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing • Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND), Donald Davies (National Kleinrock Physical Labratories, UK) Circuit switching Packet switching: multiplexed Time Time Baran 1965: First computer network • Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA • ARPA-funded project • Connected with telephone line – it works, but it’s inefficient and expensive – confirming motivation for packet switching Roberts The ARPANET begins • Roberts joins DARPA (1966), publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967) • December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor • September 1969: BBN delivers first IMP to Kleinrock’s lab at UCLA An older Kleinrock with the first IMP ARPANET comes alive Stanford Research Institute (SRI) “LO” Oct 29, 1969 UCLA ARPANET grows • Dec 1970: ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP) • 1971: Telnet, FTP • 1972: Email (Ray Tomlinson, BBN) • 1979: USENET ARPANET, April 1971 ARPANET grows ARPANET to Internet • Meanwhile, other networks such as PRnet, SATNET deveoped • May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn present first paper on interconnecting networks • Concept of connecting diverse networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing, ... Cerf • Became TCP/IP Kahn TCP/IP deployment • TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL • David Clark implements it on Xerox Application Alto and IBM PC Presentation • 1982: International Organization for Session Standards (ISO) releases Open Transport Systems Interconnection (OSI) Network reference model Data Link • Design by committee didn’t win Physical • January 1, 1983: “Flag Day” NCP to OSI Reference TCP/IP transition on ARPANET Model’s layers Growth from Ethernet • Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and D. Boggs, July 1976 • Spanning Tree protocol: Radia Perlman, 1985 • Made local area networking easy Metcalfe Perlman Growth spurs organic change • Early 1980s: Many new networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA), ... Mockapetris • Nov 1983: DNS developed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN) Postel • 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP and IGP (later to become eBGP and iBGP) Partridge NSFNET • 1984: NSFNET for US higher education NSFNET backbone, 1992 • Serve many users, not just one field • Encourage development of private infrastructure (e.g., backbone required to be used for Research and Education) • Stimulated investment in commercial long-haul networks • 1990: ARPANET ends • 1995: NSFNET decommissioned Explosive growth! In hosts Explosive growth! In networks (Colors correspond to measurements from different vantage points) Internet forwarding table size table Internet forwarding Year [Huston ’10] n g J g a a k p k o o a k r B r , e t e , T i a T j , S H i a n I G D i g 0E p , 10 V e C l S i E a , N 10 e T 1 d o iv u W o l A , E s K 0 I to 12 k R , S R U A E 0 T 3 ok 1 y o, JP A E 0 I 4 1 S N yd ne y A , A E U 0 5 1 E [Huffaker, claffy, Hyun, Luckie, C Lyu, CAIDA] E O 0 IPv4 & IPv6 INTERNET TOPOLOGY MAP JANUARY 2009 B AS-level INTERNET GRAPH S i a n n g J g a a k p N k o I o N a k , r I B r , y e , t e T i a a , i h b T j , S H i l G a n I e m D i g 90E o p 0E D , 10 80E E V e C B A l S i E a , N 10 , e T 1 70 i d o E b iv u W a o l A h s , E t K 20 I D o 1 R 60 k S E u , b R A U A E T 0 3 o 1 5 k 0 y E o, U J A R P , E w 0 I o L 4 c I s , 1 4 o v 0 i R E M v T N A a, Sy el r d T ka A ne n U A y A A , Z , A ev , U E i ia 0 r 5 K o 1 t I E 3 re F 0 P i, E k A sin G E el B C H a, ofi , PL F S saw U r E a E O S 0 W m, 6 4755(TATACOMM) ol 1 R h 38809(NXGNET) 2 ck T 0 o A R t , 39049304 (Hutchison) E S na Vien 7575(AARNET) I , DE O lin 8395(COMSTAR) Ber C O E 10026(Asia Netcom) o, N 0 Osl 7 P t, DE 1 kfur 1 Fran 2516(KDDI) 0 A 20485(JSC) E E Brussels, BE W Paris, FR / E 7714(TelstraClear) 3320(Deutsche Telekom) 0 8928(Interoute) 8 London, UK 1 0 702(MCI) 1299(TeliaNet) 1273(CW) 3356(Level 3) 5459(London IX) 3549(Global Crossing) Dublin, IE W 0 701(UUNET) 12989(HWNG) Alge 7 1239(Sprint) s, PT 1 1 0 2914(NTT) W 2828(XOXO) 6677(ICENET) 3561(Savvis) W 0 4320(Embratel) 6 1 2 0 7843(Road Runner) W S 577(Bell Canada) , U u lul ono H W 0 5 1 3 0 W W 0 4 1 4 0 W S O R U i W o 0 3 1 d 5 T 0 e W J H a n ei W r A 0 2 o A 1 B 6 , 0 M W u B C S E e R [Huffaker, claffy, N I U R n O W 0 o I , 1 R 1 S 7 0 R C s e W E T s A M B U H A A o S W O , 0 0 1 8 o 0 i J W W o S r W 0 U 9 t s T e n g S t t , U C s a e a a o o , i x , S i U s w n h r A Hyun, Luckie, h D , n n o , i a i R r o e c n U n n , e t o a a s t g v C S g o S h t u n o A P o , o e n , C , D H U A U Lyu, CAIDA] S S Explosive growth! In complexity Autonomous System BGP router IP router Routing protocols LAN LAN eBGP, iBGP switch ethernet MPLS, CSPF,..