ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER VOLUME-6 | ISSUE-8 | AUGUST - 2017 | ISSN No 2277 - 8179 | IF : 4.176 | IC Value : 78.46 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI L.: A REVIEW ON ITS POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL USE IN CHRONIC DISEASES Biological Science Dr. Goutam Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry, Gokhale Memorial Girls’ College, Kol-20 Mahata Dr.Sadhan Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura, Roy W.B. Dr. Jnanojjal Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bnakura, Chanda W.B. ABSTRACT Euphorbia Tirucalli L. is a succulent cactus-like plant endemic to tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used as a traditional folk medicine in many countries for the treatment of a number of diseases including leprosy, cough, intestinal parasites, nose ulcer, rheumatic pain, gastric mucosa diseases and asthma. The plant exhibits diverse pharmacological actions because of its antioxidant property. It protects cells against oxidative damage. It can act as a radical scavenger. In this review the phytoconstituents present in different parts of this plant and their pharmacological applications on different chronic diseases have been discussed. KEYWORDS: Euphorbia tirucalli L. phytoconstituents; ethnomedicinal applications; pharmacological applications I. INTRODUCTION: II. PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF Euphorbia Triucalli L.: Euphorbiaceae is a very complex family due to its wide variation of The different parts of Euphorbia Tirucalli L. rich with terpenoids, chemical composition. The distributions of chemical components triterpenes, polyphenols, serine proteases, steroids, avanoids, present in different parts of of all Euphorbiaceae family members are isoavanoids, acids and esters shown in Table 1. The chemical not same and these differences arise because of adaptation in different components were isolated with the help of solvent extraction climate conditions. The secondary metabolites (chemical compounds) technique. Various clinical studies have been performed by different generated in plants of this family members are useful for giving relief groups in different times by taking the isolated chemical substances of from various external and internal stresses. Some species belong to E. Tirucalli L.. The complex physiochemical mechanisms of those Euphorbiaceae family have been used for the treatment of skin compounds for the treatment of different diseases are under diseases, gonorrhea, migraine, and intestinal parasites and as wart investigation till now. cures (Singla and Kamala, 1990). The compounds isolated from Euphorbiaceae family members exhibit pharmacological activities Table 1. Phytochemicals present in Euphorbia Triucalli L. including cytotoxic activity, antimicrobial and anti-inammatory S o u r c e Phytochemicals Chemical Structure References activity (Shi et al., 2008). Hence Euphorbiaceae family is one of the (plant part) best families for investigation to nd out new plant-based medicines. Stem callus Sterol Campeste Uchida et al. Euphorbia Tirucalli L. belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. It is a 10-15 rol (2010) m tall succulent, cactus-like spineless, monoecious perennial shrub with pencil like branches. It is commonly planted as an ornamental or hedge plant (Fig. 1). It has some unique properties with respect to other Euphorbiaceae family members. It grows very fast and produces lot Stigmaste Uchida et al. of biomass as its stems and leaves allow to assimilate CO2 for 24 hours rol (2010) every day. The tree is fed on by herbivores. [1] It is originated from tropical East Africa and endemic in countries such as Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, B e t a - Uchida et al. Tanzania, Uganda, and Zanzibar. [2] It is commonly found in tropical sitosterol (2010) and subtropical regions. Currently it is being cultivated in America and southern part of Europe. [3] In India, it is widely grown in Rajasthan, Malabar Coast of India and other low rainfall regions having saline soils. [4] There is a hypothesis that the Portuguese people brought this Isofucost Uchida et al. plant on the Malabar Coast of India from East Africa (Juliani et al. erol (2010) 2013). The taxonomic description of Euphorbia tirucalli L. is Kingdom: Plantae Cycloarte Uchida et al. Division: Magnoliophyta nol (2010) Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia Species: Euphorbia tirucalli TerpeEuphol Uchida et al. Binomial name: Euphorbia tirucalli ne (2010) B e t a - Uchida et al. amyrin (2010) Fig.1. Euphorbia Tirucalli L plant International Journal of Scientific Research 241 VOLUME-6 | ISSUE-8 | AUGUST - 2017 ISSN No 2277 - 8179 | IF : 4.176 | IC Value : 78.46 OH H3C O HO CH3 Stemz Polyphe Euphorbin A OH Yoshida and Tirucallol Nielson et al. O OH O H2C HO C H OH H3C HO O O O C OH S t e m nol O Yokoyama et (1979) HO O CH3 HO C OH HO OH OH O C O H HO Bark HO O OH al. (1991) Mujeeb et al., OH CH3 O OH HO C C O O C OH O O O 2014) H2C CH3 O OH HO O O H H O C C O CH H3C 3 H O OH OH O OH HO OH Ingenol Furstenberge O r and Hecker OH Euphorbin F HO Yoshida and OH HO O H2C HO et al. (1977) O O O CO OH HO OC O Yokoyama et O OH HO CO CO HO OH HO OH HO OH HO O OH OH al. (1991) OH HO CO HO HO OH CH COO C OH OH O 2 O O O OH O O CO CO HOH2C H O HO OH OH HO O OH OH O H H O O H 4-deoxy Furstenberge S t e m Tannin Tirucallin A O H Yoshida and H O O H 2 C C O O O O O H HO H O O H O C O O H O OH O C phorbol r and Hecker C H O O Bark O H Yokoyama et O H O H O O H H O O H et al. (1977) O O C al. (1991) C O O O H O H O H OH HO OH Tirucallin B Yoshida and HOH C OH 2 HO O H2C CO O O O HO OH OC O O CO HO OH HO O C OH Yokoyama et HO OH OH HO O OH OH DiterpePhorbol Furstenberge HO OH HO OH OH OH C C O O al. (1991) CH2O O C HO O O OH ne OH r and Hecker O OH OH alcohol et al. (1977) Triterpe Taraxerane Rasool et al. s O HO ne OAc O (1989) HOH C O 2 4-deoxy-4α- OH Furstenberge AcO phorbol HO OH r and Hecker Cycloeuphorden H3C CH3 Khan et al. et al. (1977) o CH3 (1989) O H CH3 CH3 CH3 HOH2C OCOCH3 H3C CH3 19Y4NSiG8kkz Furstenberge OH Terpene Cyclotirucanenol Khan et al. wWjMD17euE HO OH r and Hecker (2010) aQ5PErpwxWk et al. (1977) P O H HO HOH2C Cyclotirucanenol K h a n a n d DiterpePhorbol OH Furstenberge Ahmed et al. nemonmonoester HO OH r and Hecker H (1988) oesters et al. (1977) O HO HO H S e r i n e Mr74kDa T1 L y n n a n d AcOH2C protease Clevett et al. Mr74kDa T2 O(CH=CH)(CH)CH 12-0-(2,4,6- 3 2 2 3 Furstenberge s (1985) Mr74kDa T3 decatrienoyl)- HO OH r and Hecker 4-deoxy-4α- et al. (1977) Mr74kDa T4 phorbol O Latex H i g h l y 12- 0-[(2Z , 4E)- K h a n a n d H - - - - irritant 2,4,6 OC O -(C H = C H ) (C H = C H ) (C H = C H ) (C H 2)2 C H 3 Ahmed et al. HO COCH 3 HOH C euphorbi-decatrienoyl]-4- (1988) 2 O H a factors deoxyphorbol- 12- 0-[(2Z , OCO(CH=CH)(CH=CH)(CH=CH)(CH2)2CH3 Kinghorn et HOH2C HO 13- acetate 4E)-2,4,6- OCOCH3 al. (1979) (Ti1) decatrienoyl]-4- O H 12- 0-[(2Z , 4E)- Furstenberge deoxyphorbol- 13- acetate HOH2C - - - - 2,4,6 OC O -(C H = C H ) (C H = C H ) (C H = C H ) (C H 2 )2 C H 3 r and Hecker HO OCOCH3 -decatrienoyl]-4- et al. (1977) Diterpe12-0-acetyl-4- OCOCH3 Kinghorn et O deoxyphorbol- H HO nediestdeoxyphorbol- OCO(CH=CH)(CH=CH)(CH=CH)CH2CH3 al. (1979) HOH2C 13- acetate ers 13-[(2Z, 4E)- (Ti1) O 2,4,6- H 12- 0-[(2Z , 4E)- decatrienoate] HOH2C OCOCH 2,4,6 3 HO - OCOCH3 -decatrienoyl]-4- OC O -(C H = C H )5 ( C H ,) ,- C H 3 ( 4 -12-0-acetyl-4- Kinghorn et HO deoxypdeoxyphorbol- OCO(CH=CH)5(CH2)2CH3 al. (1979) deoxyphorbol- O H horbol 13-(2,4,6,8,10- 13- acetate HOH2C O H (Ti1) diesterstetradecapentae ) noate) HOH2C 12-0-acetyl-4- OCOCH OCOCH3 deoxyphorbol- 3 12-0-acetyl-4- Kinghorn et HO HO OCO(CH=CH)4(CH2)4CH3 OCO(CH=CH)(CH)CH 13-(2,4,6,8- deoxyphorbol- 4 2 4 3 al. (1979) O 13-(2,4,6,8,10- H O tetradecatetraeno H HOH C tetradecapentae ate) (Ti4) 2 HOH C noate) 2 OCO(CH)CH Steroids Euphol Nielson et al. 12-0-acetyl-4- 2 8 3 Kinghorn et HO (1979) deoxyphorbol- OCOCH3 al. (1979) 13-(2,4,6,8,10- tetradecapentae O H noate) HOH2C 242 International Journal of Scientific Research VOLUME-6 | ISSUE-8 | AUGUST - 2017 ISSN No 2277 - 8179 | IF : 4.176 | IC Value : 78.46 4-deoxy- Kinghorn et Latex Cancer, cancroids, Brazil Duke et al., OCO(CH2)8CH3 DPA HO al. (1979) ephitheliomas, 2009 OCOCH3 sarcomas, tumors, wart O H Latex Asthma, Cancer, Cough, Ear India Upadhyay et problems, Snake bite and al., 2010 HOH C 2 scorpion sting, Toothache, Dite rpe12- 0-[(2Z , Kinghorn et Intestinal parasites, Skin n e 4E)-2,4,6- al.