CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review, no. 2/2016 Ed. by Edyta Lorek-Jezińska, Emilia Leszczyńska, Natalia Pałka, & Marta Sibierska, www.curents.umk.pl, ISSN 2449-8769||All texts licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 1 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review CURRENTS, no. 2/2016 CURRENTS A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review No. 2: Then and Now 2016 Edited by Emilia Leszczyńska, Natalia Pałka & Marta Sibierska Toruń 2016 3 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review No. 2: Then and Now/ 2016 Edited by Emilia Leszczyńska, Natalia Pałka & Marta Sibierska Editor-in-Chief: Edyta Lorek-Jezińska This online version of the journal is a referential version. All texts licensed under: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0. www.currents.umk.pl [email protected] ISSN 2449-8769 Logo designed by: Zuzanna Larysz / 007fff 2nd issue cover designed by: Marta Sibierska Advisory Board: Prof. Martin Butler (University of Oldenburg) Prof. Tyler Kessel (Hudson Valley Community College, Troy, NY) Reviews: dr Magdalena Cieślak, University of Łódź; dr Tomasz Dobrogoszcz, University of Łódź; dr Michał Janowski, Kazimierz Wielki University; dr Konrad Juszczyk, Adam Mickiewicz University; dr Anna Krawczyk-Łaskarzewska, University of Warmia and Mazury; dr Dorota Lipowska, Adam Mickiewicz University; dr Joanna Łozińska, University of Warmia and Mazury; dr Aneta Mancewicz, Kingston University; dr Katarzyna Marak, Nicolaus Copernicus University; dr Marta Marecka, Adam Mickiewicz University; dr Paulina Mirowska, University of Łódź; dr Katarzyna Piątkowska, Nicolaus Copernicus University; dr Joanna Stolarek, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; dr hab. Ariadna Strugielska, Nicolaus Copernicus University; dr hab. Katarzyna Więckowska, Nicolaus Copernicus University. Publisher: Academic Association for Doctoral Students at the Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland / Doktoranckie Koło Naukowe Filologii Angielskiej, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Katedra Filologii Angielskiej, ul. Bojarskiego 1, 87-100 Toruń. Typesetting and proofreading: Edyta Lorek-Jezińska, Marta Sibierska, Paula Budzyńska, Katarzyna Rogalska. CURRENTS, no. 2/2016 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review, based in Toruń, is a yearly interdisciplinary journal addressed to young researchers in the field of English studies. It was founded in 2013 by the Academic Association for Doctoral Students at the Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and its first issue was released in 2015. The journal is dedicated to all aspects of English studies, including linguistics, literary and cultural studies, translation, book editing and ESL teaching. It seeks to explore interconnections and differences between various sub-disciplines and approaches within English philology, providing a platform for debate to young scholars. Currents invites contributions from students of English departments in Poland and abroad, pursuing BA, MA and PhD degree programmes. The major part of each issue consists of academic articles related to the key themes described in call for papers published in the latest issue or on the journal website. A separate section is devoted to book reviews and conference reports. The journal applies a double-blind review procedure; each article is reviewed by two academic referees. Currents is edited by members of the Academic Association for Doctoral Students at the Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. All submissions and queries should be sent to the journal address: [email protected]. Editor-in-chief Edyta Lorek-Jezińska 5 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review CURRENTS, no. 2/2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS CURRENTS EDITORIAL 11 ARTICLES CULTURE & LITERATURE THEN & NOW Marta Sibierska 18 What is Literature for? Insights from Evolutionary Theories of Art Olivier Harenda 32 The Death of the Author(ship) —Filmmakers in Crisis Emilia Leszczyńska 43 Pride and Prejudice: The Original and Zombies Paula Budzyńska 56 Anne Boleyn’s Image(s) in The Tudors Ewelina Krupa 69 Perception of Criminal Celebrities in the 20th and 21st Centuries on the Basis of Bonnie and Clyde and Mariusz Trynkiewicz Tomasz Urban 82 Old and New Habits in Country Music: A Short Glance at the Changes in the Williams Family Music Lyrics LANGUAGE THEN & NOW Monika Boruta 91 The Third Way in the Evolution of Language 7 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review Natalia Pałka 101 Arm in Arm with Prosody: When Impoliteness is Hidden in Sound Marek Placiński 109 Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing: The History and Present Application Izabela Batyra 123 Learner Autonomy Outside the Higher Primary EFL Classroom in Rural Poland: The Study Based on Polish Higher Primary EFL Learners Julia Trzeciakowska 162 Mistakes in Phonemic Transcriptions Made by Polish EFL Teacher Training College Students Daria Tyblewska 184 Literal (Mis)translations as a Form of a Linguistic Joke—The Analysis of the Content of Political Memes BOOK REVIEWS Andrzej Beszczyński 198 Canadian Novel and the Great War Review of Uraz przetrwania. Trauma i polemika z mitem pierwszej wojny światowej w powieści kanadyjskiej by Anna Branach-Kallas Katarzyna Rogalska 204 The Gap Filled: On Language Evolution in Polish Review of Ewolucja języka. W stronę hipotez gesturalnych by Przemysław Żywiczyński and Sławomir Wacewicz CONFERENCE REPORTS Marta Sibierska Shakespeare Applied 209 8 CURRENTS, no. 2/2016 Easter Rising 211 Emilia Leszczyńska Of Other Worlds 213 ABSTRAKTY 215 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 222 CALL FOR PAPERS 226 9 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review CURRENTS EDITORIAL 10 CURRENTS, no. 2/2016 Dear Readers, The collection of articles that we are pleased to deliver is the second issue of CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review, edited by members of the Academic Association for Doctoral Students at the Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The first edition, published in 2015, was devoted to currents in English philology studies, initiating a fascinating discussion among students of different academic subdisciplines. Encouraged by the number of submissions to the first edition, we intend to continue this tradition. It is our hope that by having invited young scholars of all disciplines we managed to create a platform for sharing their scholarly achievements. The result we happily hand to our Readers. This time, we intended to address a broad concept of then and now. Students of English philology on different levels were encouraged to share their reflections pertaining to the key theme and discuss it from various viewpoints. Our suggested topics included, but were not limited to, the interrelations of the old and the new in translation methods, literary theories, cultural and media studies, linguistics and language evolution and, last but not least, ESL teaching and learning. As a result, the past theories, concepts, trends and methods have been revised and contrasted with the current ones, thus giving an insight into fundamental changes occurring within the given disciplines and in the humanities in general, pointing to the fact that now cannot exist without then. Our second edition of CURRENTS is divided into four sections. Culture and literature then and now The opening article is Marta Sibierska’s What is Literature for? Insights from Evolutionary Theories of Art. Here, the Author draws attention to the fact that literature can become the study subject to be approached from a wider— evolutionary—perspective. The main objective of the article is to discuss 11 CURRENTS. A Journal of Young English Philology Thought and Review evolutionary theories by applying them to literary studies and presenting to the Reader a critical analysis of the literature’s functions together with their evolutionary locus. In his The Death of the Author(ship)—Filmmakers in Crisis, Olivier Harenda confronts the auteur theory with the Barthesian concept of the death of the author to comment on the ways in which film directors address the questions of a filmmaker's authority and status. Referring to two examples—Frank Oz's Bowfinger and Woody Allen's Hollywood Ending— Harenda examines the presentation of fictional directors' struggle for creative control over their work. Can classical works be reinterpreted and combine past with what is modern? Seth Grahame-Smith introduced zombies into the fictional reality of Pride and Prejudice in his 2009 novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. The text by Emilia Leszczyńska—Pride and Prejudice: the Original and Zombies— presents a comparative analysis of Austen’s original novel and Grahame- Smith’s adaptation, in order to discover and describe some schemata that are used in the rewriting of Pride and Prejudice. Anne Boleyn’s Image(s) in The Tudors is Paula Budzyńska’s text wherein she points out numerous differences in the depictions of the sovereign in a historical fiction series. Her image and representations vary, they can be either positive or negative, depending on the features of character the filmmakers decide to incorporate in their works. Drawing upon the findings of cultural criminology, the article entitled Perception of Criminal Celebrities in the 20th and 21st Centuries on the Basis of Bonnie and Clyde and Mariusz Trynkiewicz examines the