EPA Document# EPA-740-D-20-010 April 2020 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Draft Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Triphenyl Phosphate CASRN 115-86-6 April 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................8 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................11 2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ...................................................................................................11 2.1 Reasonably Available Information ..............................................................................................11 Search of Gray Literature ...................................................................................................... 12 Search of Literature from Publicly Available Databases (Peer-Reviewed Literature) .......... 13 Search of TSCA Submissions ................................................................................................ 19 2.2 Conditions of Use ........................................................................................................................19 Categories and Subcategories of Conditions of Use Included in the Scope of the Risk Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 20 Activities Excluded from the Scope of the Risk Evaluation ................................................. 23 Production Volume ................................................................................................................ 23 Overview of Conditions of Use and Lifecycle Diagram ....................................................... 23 2.3 Exposures ....................................................................................................................................25 Physical and Chemical Properties ......................................................................................... 25 Environmental Fate and Transport ........................................................................................ 25 Releases to the Environment ................................................................................................. 25 Environmental Exposures ...................................................................................................... 25 Occupational Exposures ........................................................................................................ 26 Consumer Exposures ............................................................................................................. 27 General Population Exposures ............................................................................................... 27 2.4 Hazards (Effects) .........................................................................................................................27 Environmental Hazards ......................................................................................................... 27 Human Health Hazards .......................................................................................................... 28 2.5 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................................28 2.6 Conceptual Models ......................................................................................................................28 Conceptual Model for Industrial and Commercial Activities and Uses ................................ 29 Conceptual Model for Consumer Activities and Uses .......................................................... 29 Conceptual Model for Environmental Releases and Wastes: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 32 2.7 Analysis Plan ...............................................................................................................................34 Physical and Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate .................................................. 34 Exposure ................................................................................................................................ 35 2.7.2.1 Environmental Releases ................................................................................................. 35 2.7.2.2 Environmental Exposures ............................................................................................... 37 2.7.2.3 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 38 2.7.2.4 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 40 2.7.2.5 General Population ......................................................................................................... 41 Hazards (Effects) ................................................................................................................... 44 2.7.3.1 Environmental Hazards .................................................................................................. 44 2.7.3.2 Human Health Hazards ................................................................................................... 45 2 Summary of Risk Approaches for Characterization .............................................................. 47 2.8 Peer Review .................................................................................................................................47 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................................48 APPENDICES ..........................................................................................................................................55 LIST OF GRAY LITERATURE SOURCES .............................................................. 55 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .......................................................... 64 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES ............................ 66 REGULATORY HISTORY .......................................................................................... 67 PROCESS, RELEASE AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE INFORMATION .. 72 E.1.1 Manufacturing (Including Import) ..........................................................................................72 E.1.1.1 Domestic Manufacture ....................................................................................................72 E.1.1.2 Import ..............................................................................................................................72 E.1.2 Processing and Distribution ....................................................................................................72 E.1.2.1 Incorporation into a Formulation, Mixture or Reaction Product .....................................72 E.1.2.2 Incorporation into an Article ...........................................................................................72 E.1.2.3 Recycling .........................................................................................................................72 E.1.3 Uses .........................................................................................................................................73 E.1.4 Disposal .....................................................................................................................................75 SUPPORTING INFORMATION – CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES AND USES .............................................................................. 77 SUPPORTING INFORMATION- CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR CONSUMER ACTIVITIES AND USES ...................................................................................................................... 88 SUPPORTING INFORMATION – CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES AND WASTES ............................................................................. 93 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Results of Title Screening of Submissions to EPA under Various Sections of TSCA ............ 19 Table 2-2 Categories and Subcategories of Conditions of Use Included in the Scope of the Risk Evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 20 Table 2-3 Categories and Sources of Environmental Release Data ......................................................... 35 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Gray Literature Search Results for TPP .................................................................................. 12 Figure 2-2 Peer-reviewed Literature - Physical-Chemical Properties Search Results for TPP ................ 14 Figure 2-3 Peer-reviewed Literature - Fate and Transport Search Results for TPP ................................. 15 Figure 2-4 Peer-reviewed Literature - Engineering Search Results for TPP ............................................ 16 Figure 2-5 Peer-reviewed Literature - Exposure Search Results for TPP ...............................................