Deconstructivism: Richness or Chaos to Postmodern Architecture Olivier Clement Gatwaza1, Xin CAO1 1School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road Beijing, 100083 China Abstract: In this paper, we examine the involvement of deconstructivism in the evolvement of postmodern architecture and ascertain its public acceptance dimensions as it progressively conquers postmodern architecture. To achieve this, we used internet search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia and Web of Science, we also used knowledge repositories such as Google Scholar and the world’s largest travel site TripAdvisor to gather information and data about origin, evolution, characteristics and relationship between postmodernism and deconstructivism. We’ve based our judgment on concepts from famous architects, political leaders and public opinion to access the suitability of architectural style. The result of this research shows that postmodernism architecture buildings have an average 96.8% of visitor’s satisfaction ranking; while deconstructivism architecture buildings when taken alone, a decrease of 2% in visitor’s satisfaction ranking is perceived. In addition, strong comments against the upcoming architectural style confirm that deconstructivism still has ingredients to endorse in order to impose its trajectory towards the top of modern architecture. Being a piece of a globalized world, deconstructivism architecture in the most of the cases tends to disregard the history and culture of its location which compromise its innovative, complexity and ingenious character, bringing down its original taste. Keywords: Architectural style, building, Chaos, Postmodernism 1 INTRODUCTION postmodern acceptance of such ancient references, as well as the concept of ornament as decoration. 1.1 Research background In addition to disagreements, a defining document for Its first examples being generally cited as being from deconstructivism and postmodernism was Robert the 1950s, postmodern architecture began as an Venturi’s “Complexity and Contraction in international style and continues to influence present Architecture” (1966). It debates against the purity, day’s architecture (Central Intelligence Agency, clarity and simplicity of modernism. 2012). During the late 1980 in architecture evolved the idea After a number of architectural styles in different of deconstructivism from postmodernism. The parts of the world and in different periods: Aegean, concept came to the world's attention when a group Greek, Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, of innovative architects - Peter Eisenman, Frank Neoclassical, Early and Late Modern architecture, a Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, new tendency became obvious as some architects Coop Himmelbau, and Bernard Tschumi - featured in started to distance themselves from modern an exhibition titled Deconstructivist Architecture at functionalism which they think as boring, and which the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Since that of the public considered unsympathetic and even time, its heritage has invaded the field of hostile. These architects turned their views into the contemporary architecture and is expanding today all past, quoting past features of various structures and over the world in the impressive buildings designed combining them together to create a new concept. by the likes of Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry and OMA to The Postmodernism assisted the coming back of name but a few (Design Curial, 2015). columns and other components of pre-modern designs, sometimes adopting classical Greek and 1.2 Research problem Roman (But not simply recreating them as it was Deconstructivism is an improvement of postmodern done before in neoclassical architecture but adapting architecture that came out to the global attention in them by using other technological means such as the late 1980s. It is characterized by concepts of cantilevers). While postmodernism went back in the fragmentation, non-rectilinear shapes which serve to past to grab the ancient conceptions that modernism distort and dislocate some of the elements of had avoided, deconstructivism also excluded the This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Publication rights with Alkhaer Publications. Published at: http://www.ijsciences.com/pub/issue/2017-08/ DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1364; Online ISSN: 2305-3925; Print ISSN: 2410-4477 CAO Xin (Correspondence) [email protected] + Deconstructivism: Richness or Chaos to Postmodern Architecture architecture, such as structure and envelope and an (Arch Daily, 2014). The blames on deconstructivism interest in handling ideas of a structure’s surface or architecture came to confirm that though it attempted skin. The visual appearance outcome of buildings to bring improvements to postmodern architecture, it that show the many deconstructivism “styles” is is still far from being a perfect and ideal architecture characterized by a encouraging unpredictability and a style. In this paper, our concern is to know the well organized chaos. Important proceedings in the relative level of its public acceptance compared to the early history of the deconstructivism movement postmodern architecture. We also wish to know some include the 1982 Parc de la Villette architectural reasons that make a so complex and creative design competition especially the entry from Jacques architectural style not to get onto everybody’s Derrida and Peter Eisenman (Derrida & Eisenman, admiration. 1997) and Bernard Tschumi’s winning entry, the Museum of Modern Art’s 1988 exhibition in New 1.3 Research objective York about deconstructivist architecture, organized by Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley, and the opening The new technology and new tools in Architecture of the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus in show a strong connection between deconstructivism 1989, designed by Peter Eisenman, The New York and modernity. During this contemporary period exhibition featured works by Frank Gehry, Rem CAD (Computer-Aided Design) is a new tool that Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Peter Eisenman, Zaha modernized architects work in most aspects of Hadid, Coop Himmelbau, and Bernard Tschumi. architecture, mainly the particular nature of Since the exhibition, many of the architects who were deconstructivism makes the use of informatics associated with deconstructivism have distanced particularly relevant. Though computer has brought themselves from the term (Saylor Academy, 2011). the designing of complex shapes up to the higher Nonetheless, the term has held and has now, in fact, stage and much easier, not everything that looks come to embrace a general tendency within abnormal is “deconstructivist”. Computer aided contemporary architecture. Originally, some of the design is currently a crucial Three-dimensional architects known as deconstructivist were inspired by modeling and animation (virtual and physical) assists ideas of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. in the conception of very complex spaces, in addition Eisenman developed a private liaisons with Derrida, the ability to link computer models to manufacturing but even so his methodology to architectural design jigs (CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing) permits was developed long before he became a the mass construction of subtly different modular deconstructivist. His point is that deconstructivism elements to be accomplished at reasonable costs. In should be perceived as an extension of his interest in retrospect many early deconstructivist deep-seated formalism. Some disciples of accomplishments seem to have been conceived with deconstructivism were on the other hand influenced the aid of a computer (Computer-Aided Design), but by the previous experimentation and geometric were not; Zaha Hadid’s sketches for instance. inequities of Russian constructivism. There are Another example, Gehry is noted for creating many supplementary references in the 20th-century physical models as well as computer prototypes as deconstructivism movements: the part of his design process. On the other hand modernism/postmodernism interplay, minimalism, deconstructivism in contemporary architecture cubism, expressionism and contemporary art. The attitudes is in opposition to the ordered rationality of effort in deconstructivism gradual evolution is to modernism. Its relationship with postmodernism is move architecture away from what its practitioners also decidedly opposite. see as the constricting “rules” of modernism such as “form follows function”, “purity of form”, and “truth Even though postmodernist and emerging to materials”. deconstructivist architects published theories alongside each other in the journal ‘Oppositions’ Even though deconstructivism architects criticized (published 1973-84), that journal’s tendency marked postmodernists of incompetence and qualified their the foundation of a significant breakdown between designs as incoherent or arbitraries (Venturi, 1966), the two movements. Deconstructivism took a Deconstruction on its turn also became not argumentative stance vis-a-vis much of architecture everybody’s preference and was enormously and architectural history, wanting to disjoin, controversial all along years, due largely to a mixture dissociate and disassemble architecture (Tschumi, of its adherents making extremely confrontational 1994). While postmodernism returned to include claims and its critics having trouble appreciative the often ingeniously or ironically the historical often