Doc 9889 Airport Air Quality Manual ________________________________ Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition — 2011 International Civil Aviation Organization CAEP-SG/20153-WP/34 Appendix G APPENDIX G Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int Doc 9889, Airport Air Quality Manual Order Number: 9889 ISBN 978-92-9231-862-8 © ICAO 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA No. Date Entered by No. Date Entered by TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. (ix) Glossary .............................................................................................................................................. (xi) Acronyms and abbreviations .............................................................................................................. (xiii) ICAO publications ............................................................................................................................... (xvii) Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection ....................................................... 1-2 1.3 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Air quality assessment .......................................................................................................... 1- Chapter 2. Regulatory framework and drivers .............................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Drivers for action .................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.3 Local air quality regulations and pollutant regulation .......................................................... 2-3 2.4 Aircraft engine and road vehicle emissions standards and regulations ................................ 2-6 2.5 Changing regulations and technology targets ....................................................................... 2-8 2.6 Regulatory responses ............................................................................................................ 2-8 Chapter 3. Emissions inventory ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Emissions inventory parameters ........................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Emissions species ................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.4 Airport-related emissions sources ......................................................................................... 3-4 3.5 Local and regional emissions ................................................................................................ 3-5 3.6 Quality assurance .................................................................................................................. 3-5 3.7 Forecasting ............................................................................................................................ 3-6 Appendix 1. Methodologies for the estimation of aircraft emissions ............................................ 3-A1-1 Appendix 2. Aircraft handling emissions ........................................................................................ 3-A2-1 Appendix 3. Infrastructure-related and stationary sources of emissions .................................... 3-A3-1 Appendix 4. Vehicle traffic emissions .............................................................................................. 3-A4-1 Chapter 4. Temporal and spatial distribution of emissions .......................................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 General emissions distribution considerations ..................................................................... 4-2 4.3 Spatial distribution ................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.4 Temporal distribution ........................................................................................................... 4-6 4.5 Use of computer models ....................................................................................................... 4-6 4.6 Data formatting and reporting .............................................................................................. 4-7 Chapter 5. Dispersion modelling ..................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 External requirements and drivers ........................................................................................ 5-1 5.3 General dispersion concepts ................................................................................................. 5-2 5.4 Required model inputs .......................................................................................................... 5-5 5.5 Dispersion calculation .......................................................................................................... 5-8 5.6 Model outputs ....................................................................................................................... 5-11 5.7 Modelling application and interpretation of results .............................................................. 5-12 Appendix 1. Overview of dispersion modelling methodologies ..................................................... 5-A1-1 Appendix 2. Commonly used dispersion models in the vicinity of airports ................................. 5-A2-1 Appendix 3. Climatological information sources ........................................................................... 5-A3-1 Chapter 6. Ambient air quality measurements for airports ......................................................... 6-1 6.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Requirements and drivers for air quality measurements ....................................................... 6-1 6.3 Measurement plan ................................................................................................................. 6-2 6.4 Analysis of data .................................................................................................................... 6-6 6.5 Measurement quality assurance/quality control ................................................................... 6-9 Appendix 1. Description of selected measurement methods ......................................................... 6-A1-1 Appendix 2. Examples of measurement methods ........................................................................... 6-A2-1 Appendix 3. References (selection) .................................................................................................. 6-A3-1 Chapter 7. Mitigation options .......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Mitigation planning methodology ........................................................................................ 7-1 7.3 Mitigation options ................................................................................................................. 7-3 Appendix to Chapter 7. References ................................................................................................. 7-A1-1 Chapter 8. Interrelationships associated with methods for mitigating environmental impacts 8-1 8.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Recommendations for evaluating interdependencies...........................................................