World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 World War II: Breaking the Code A breakout to help students understand: • The effect of World War II on American culture • Identify key events from World War II and understand their significance Developed by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana ([email protected]) In this packet you’ll find: Overview of the breakout activity with the answer codes Page 3 Instruction cards for students Page 4 Congratulation cards for students Page 5 Activity Materials Key Lock: Date Which Will Live in Infamy Summary Page 6 Image Page 7 4-Digit Lock: Battle of Stalingrad Summary Page 8 QR Codes / Links for Students Page 9 Image Page 10 Quiz Page 11 Directional Lock: Axis and Allied Powers Map Summary Page 12 QR Codes / Links for Students Page 13 3-Digit Lock: Enigma Machine and Hiroshima Summary Page 14 Article 1 (Enigma Machine) Page 15 Article 2 (Bombing of Hiroshima) Page 16 Invisible ink illustration Page 17 Cipher sheet Page 18 Work Lock: Rationing Summary Page 19 Article (Rationing) Page 20 Chart Page 21 Ration book images Page 22-24 Invisible ink illustration Page 25 Additional materials needed: Invisible ink pen and flashlight Two boxes (large and small) Locks (3-digit, 4-digit, directional, word, key) USB drive World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 World War II: Breaking the Code Type of Lock/Item Code Additional Information Small Box Key Lock on the box Flashlight and ABC Cipher inside Large Box Congratulations inside 3 Digit Lock 603 Hiroshima and enigma machine articles 4 Digit Lock 4645 Answers from the Battle of Stalingrad Quiz Word Lock SUGAR From ration book and chart in invisible ink Key Lock On Small Box On USB is image about date which will live in infamy USB Drive Image of date which will live in infamy This Breakout will take approximately 1 hour to complete. All materials go inside of a large manila envelope. The Breaking the Code instructions go on top of all of the materials. Place the Congratulations card inside of the large box and put the locks on here. Inside of the small box, place the flashlight and the ABC Cipher. Put the Key lock on it. World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Key Lock (following 1 page) • Put image "USS West Virginia burns at Pearl Harbor" on USB drive. • Students will answer the question, “What is the date which will live in infamy? Why is it im- portant?” in order to earn the key from you. • Answer: December 7th, 1941. It was important because the actions by the Japanese are what pulled the United States into World War II. World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout bycreated Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 What is the date that will live in infamy? Why is that date important? Tell a teacher your answers to receive a clue. "USS West Virginia Burns at Pearl Harbor." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2020, worldatwar.abc- clio.com/Search/Display/994957. Accessed 13 May 2020. Opening 4-Digit Lock (4645) (following 3 pages) For the Battle of Stalingrad activity: • Print QR codes, cut apart, and put one with each set of items. • Print the picture of the Soviet soldiers on one side and the Battle of Stalingrad quiz on the back of that. To solve, students will watch the video associated with the QR Code — https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCQBSf1rb7o — then answer the questions to the quiz. The an- swer to the quiz is: 4645 and that is the code they put in the 4-digit lock. World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Battle for Stalingrad QR Codes — print on card stock and cut apart codes — leave link on them in case students do not have access to a phone with a QR code reader. Link is to YouTube video created by Reply History on the Battle of Stalin- grad. Students will answer the quiz questions about the video to open a lock. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCQBSf1rb7o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCQBSf1rb7o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCQBSf1rb7o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCQBSf1rb7o World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Battle of Stalingrad [National Archives] Soviet snipers looking for German targets during the Battle of Stalingrad. "Soviet Snipers at Stalingrad." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2020, worldatwar.abc- clio.com/Search/Display/1311373. Accessed 13 May 2020. World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Battle of Stalingrad Quiz The Battle of Stalingrad occurred in: 1. France 2. Germany 3. Romania 4. Soviet Union Why did Hitler want to destroy Stalingrad? 5. It would allow Hitler to control all of Europe. 6. It had the name of the leader of the Soviet Union on it. 7. Hitler visited there once and did not like it. 8. It was very cold there. What was Germany’s military objective of the Battle of Stalingrad? 1. To kill as many Soviet soldiers as possible 2. To get food for German soldiers 3. To create a turning point in the war 4. To get to the Soviet oil fields Who won the Battle of Stalingrad? 5. Soviet Union 6. Germany 7. Romania 8. Great Britain World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Directional Lock (← ← → ← → ) (following 1 page) QR code to Google Map about Axis and Allied Powers - https://drive.google.com/open? id=1BhsvTbMFgBX9PssrbqWxorYuT0yHEOa1&usp=sharing (or https://tinyurl.com/ybykw7s4 ) Map has photos and information – dates are listed – Set up by Chronological order by the date that each country entered the war. Don’t use countries that don’t have dates listed on the Google Map descriptions. 1 — Germany 2 — Great Britain 3 — Canada 4 — Soviet Union 5 — Italy 6 — Japan Map the direction that you take to go to each country in chronological order. Travel from Germany to Great Britain is West (← ). Travel from Great Britain to Canada is West (← ). Travel from Canada to the Soviet Union is East (→). Travel from the Soviet Union to Italy is West (←). Travel from Italy to Japan is East (→). World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Map of Axis and Allies QR Codes — print on card stock and cut apart codes — leave link on them in case students do not have access to a phone with a QR code reader. Link is to a Google Map that contains the Axis and Allied Powers. (This may be easier for students to view on a computer.) https://tinyurl.com/ybykw7s4 https://tinyurl.com/ybykw7s4 https://tinyurl.com/ybykw7s4 https://tinyurl.com/ybykw7s4 World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 3 Digit Lock (603) (following 3 pages) • Have articles about Enigma Machine and Hiroshima back-to-back. • Highlight in invisible ink the web link at the top to the online enigma machine—http:// enigmaco.de/enigma/enigma.html • A computer must be used to access this site and Flash needs to be enabled. Phones won’t work. • Write the letters R, M, D in invisible ink near the enigma website — make them large enough to see. • On the article on Hiroshima, highlight the word Hiroshima everywhere it appears in invisible ink on the page. When students go to the enigma website - http://enigmaco.de/enigma/enigma.html - and change the dials to the letters R, M, and D, they input the word Hiroshima, and the output is SKIGTZMWH. When they go to the cipher sheet and input those letters, the numbers that repeat are 603. World War II: Breaking the Code Breakout created by Robyn Young, School Librarian, Avon, Indiana. ©2020 Enigma Machine: World War II Reference Articles At the 1923 International Postal Congress, Arthur Scherbius, a German, demonstrated his invention of commercial encoding machine, known as the Enigma device. Enigma resembled a typewriter in appearance with a series of rotors or wheels, the settings of which could be changed. Early versions of the device enabled the operator to encode a plaintext in any of 150 million possible ways. As with all major military powers, the Germans sought to develop a secure means of military communications and assumed that messages encoded by Enigma were unbreakable. By 1928, the German military was using the Enigma, and Japan and Italy also bought the machine and used it. Other countries, such as the United States, purchased the Enigma machine but did not attempt to unlock its secrets. The Poles, concerned about a resurgent Germany as a threat to their own security, formed a special cryptography group at the University of Poznan in 1928. They also purchased the commercial model of Enigma, and by 1935, they had broken into the German radio codes, information they largely shared with the British and French in 1938. Late that year, however, the Germans added a sixth rotor, which helped to convince the Poles that the Germans were about to make an aggressive military move.