A History of the Personal Computer 6100 CPU. See Intersil Index 6501 and 6502 microprocessor. See MOS Legend: Chap.#/Page# of Chap. 6502 BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. Languages -- Numerals -- 7000 copier. See Xerox/Misc. 3 E-Z Pieces software, 13/20 8000 microprocessors. See 3-Plus-1 software. See Intel/Microprocessors Commodore 8010 “Star” Information 3Com Corporation, 12/15, System. See Xerox/Comp. 12/27, 16/17, 17/18, 17/20 8080 and 8086 BASIC. See 3M company, 17/5, 17/22 Microsoft/Prog. Languages 3P+S board. See Processor 8514/A standard, 20/6 Technology 9700 laser printing system. 4K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. See Xerox/Misc. Languages 16032 and 32032 micro/p. See 4th Dimension. See ACI National Semiconductor 8/16 magazine, 18/5 65802 and 65816 micro/p. See 8/16-Central, 18/5 Western Design Center 8K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. 68000 series of micro/p. See Languages Motorola 20SC hard drive. See Apple 80000 series of micro/p. See Computer/Accessories Intel/Microprocessors 64 computer. See Commodore 88000 micro/p. See Motorola 80 Microcomputing magazine, 18/4 --A-- 80-103A modem. See Hayes A Programming lang. See APL 86-DOS. See Seattle Computer A+ magazine, 18/5 128EX/2 computer. See Video A.P.P.L.E. (Apple Pugetsound Technology Program Library Exchange) 386i personal computer. See user group, 18/4, 19/17 Sun Microsystems Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, 432 microprocessor. See 18/4 Intel/Microprocessors A2-Central newsletter, 18/5 603/4 Electronic Multiplier. Abacus magazine, 18/8 See IBM/Computer (mainframe) ABC (Atanasoff-Berry 660 computer. See Control Data Computer), 1/5 700 series printers. See ABIOS (Advance Basic Centronics Input/Output System) chip. 820 computer. See Xerox/Compu See IBM/Software 1101, 1102 & 1103 memory Above Board specification. chips. See Intel/Misc. See Intel/Misc. 1201 microprocessor. See Academic American Intel/Microprocessors Encyclopedia, 20/2 1702 memory chip. See Access database. See Intel/Misc. Microsoft/Applic. Programs 1802 microprocessor. See RCA Access Portable Computer, 2020 computer. See Dec/Comp. 11/12 2107 and 2117 memory chips. Accounting programs, 9/8, See Intel/Misc. 13/22 2650 microprocessor. See ACE (Advance Computing Signetics Environment), 19/17 4004 microprocessor. See Ace 100 computer. See Franklin Intel/Microprocessors Computer 5100 series of computers. See Acer Inc., 11/13, 16/17 IBM/Computers (Personal) Acer America Corp., 11/13 6085 workstation. See ACI (Analyses Conseils Xerox/Computers Informations) company, 13/19 Index/1 Index/2 A History of the Personal Computer ACIUS company, 13/19 See North Star Computers 4th Dimension database, Adventure game. See Games and 13/19 Microsoft/Applications ACM (Association for Computing Adventure International, 7/10 Machinery), 1/14, 2/10, Adventure Land game, 7/10 17/23, 19/3 Laser Ball game, 7/11 Communications of the ACM, Fire Copter game, 7/11 1/14, 13/17 Pirate Adventure game, 7/11 Journal, 1/14 AFIPS. See American Federation SIGPC, 19/3 of Information Processing Acorn prototype computer. See Societies IBM/Computers (Personal) Agenda conference, 19/25 Acorn Computers Ltd., 11/13 Agents, 15/15 Acorn computer, 11/13 Agfa company, 19/18 BBC Models A and B, 11/13 Agilent Technologies Inc., BBC BASIC, 11/13 16/17 Acorn, Al, 5/8 Agrawal, Anant, 8/8, 11/26 Acoustic coupler, 17/19 Ahl, David H., 4/1, 18/2, 18/9 Acoustic delay line memory, Aiken, Howard H., 1/3-4 1/7 1/8 Ainsworth, Dick, 13/29 ACS and ACS Newsletter. See AIX (Advanced Interactive Amateur Computer Society Executive). See IBM/Software Activenture Corporation, 20/2 Akers, John F., 9/23-24, Adam computer. See Coleco 16/5-6 Industries Alagem, Beny, 11/22-23, 16/16 Adams, Scott, 7/10 Albrecht, Robert L., 18/1, Adelson, Sheldon, 19/5 19/1-2 Adobe Systems Inc., 10/6, Alcoff, Larry, 19/11 13/23-24, 16/15, 19/18 Aldhadeff, Victor, 19/22 PostScript, 10/6, 13/23-24 Aldus Corporation, 13/24, Advance Computing Environment. 16/15 See ACE PageMaker, 10/7, 13/24, Advanced BASIC (BASICA). See 16/15 Microsoft/Programming Lang. Alex. Brown & Sons, 12/8 Advanced DOS. See ALGOL (Algorithmic Language), Microsoft/Operating Systems 2/5-6, 5/2, 7/5 Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), ALGOL 30. See Dartmouth Inc., 3/15, 8/5, 8/9, College 14/7, 16/7, 16/16 ALGOL 60, 7/5 Am386 microprocessor, 14/7 Burroughs ALGOL. See Am486 microprocessor, 14/7 Burroughs AMD 8080A microprocessor, Alien Rain game. See 4/20 Brøderbund Software. K5 microprocessor, 14/7 Allchin, James, 16/9 K6 microprocessor, 14/7 Allen, Paul G. K6-2 microprocessor, 14/7 Microsoft, 4/11, 6/1-14, Advanced Research Projects 12/1, 12/4, 12/8, 12/12, Agency. See ARPA 12/14, 16/12 Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) Other companies, 4/10, Ltd., 14/10 10/19 ARM 610 microprocessor, Paul Allen Group, 19/23 14/10 Allison, Dennis, 7/4 Advanced Systems Division Alpert, Martin A., 17/19 See Xerox/Miscellaneous Alpha computer project Advantage Professional Word (HP 3000). See Hewlett- Processor. See MultiMate Packard International Alpha microprocessor. See Advantage series computers. DEC/Miscellaneous A History of the Personal Computer Index/3 Alpha project (HP3000). See Computer History Association Hewlett-Packard of California AlphaWorks integrated program, Anderson, Harlan E., 1/15-16 13/22 Anderson, John J. 18/9 Alps Electric Company, 5/14, Anderson, J. Reid, 17/4, 17/16 10/11, 10/15, 10/21, 12/5, Anderson, Tim, 13/24 17/8 Andreessen, Marc, 15/10-11 Alsop, Stewart, 19/25 Annals of the History of Altair 680b and 8800 Computing. See IEEE computers. See MITS Ansa Software company, 13/18 Altair BASIC and Bus. See MITS ANSI (American National Alto computers. See Standards Institute), 2/12, Xerox/Computers 4/19, 6/11, 7/3, 13/7 Am386 and Am486 ANSI BASIC, 6/10 microprocessors. See G subset of PL/I, 2/12, 13/9 Advanced Micro Devices “Full” BASIC, 7/4, 13/7 Amateur Computer Group of New Minimal BASIC, 7/4 Jersey, 19/4 A-0 compiler, 1/12 Amateur Computer Society AOL. See America Online (ACS), 2/14, 4/3, 18/1, APDA (Apple Programmer’s and 19/1 Developer’s Association). ACS Newsletter, 2/14, 4/3, See Apple Computer 18/1, 19/1 /Miscellaneous Amateur computing, 2/14-16 APL (A Programming Language), Amazon Inc., 19/20 4/4, 4/12, 4/19 Ambra computers. See Also see Microsoft /Prog. IBM/Computers (Personal) Lang. AMD. See Advanced Micro Apollo Computer company, 9/17, Devices 11/21, 11/26 AMD 8080A microprocessor. See Apollo II computer, 11/14 Advanced Micro Devices Apple Assembly Line Amdek company, 17/12 newsletter, 18/5 Amelio, Gilbert F., 16/1-2 Apple Computer Company, 5/6, America Online (AOL), Inc., 5/9 15/12, 16/17, 19/15 Apple Computer, Inc. America Online service, 1970’s, 5/1-17; 19/15 1980’s, 10/1-26; American Computer Museum. See 1990’s, 14/10-11, 16/1-3 The American Computer Museum IBM, 9/2, 9/23, 16/15 American Federation of Markets, 4/21, 11/1, 19/15 Information Processing Microsoft, 6/10-11, 12/2-3, Societies Inc., (AFIPS), 12/6, 12/10, 12/20-21, 18/7, 19/5 12/27, 16/8-9, 16/11 American National Standards Miscellaneous, 2/11, Institute. See ANSI 13/5-6, 17/8-9, 17/14, American Telephone & Telegraph 17/15 Corporation. See AT&T NeXT, 11/11, 16/16 Ami Pro word processor. See Other companies and Lotus Development organ’s, 3/11, 4/6, 4/17, Amiga Computer Corporation, 16/13-14, 16/17, 19/2, 11/5 19/9-10, 19/17, 20/2 Amiga computer. See Commodore PowerPC Alliance, 14/3, International 14/6, 16/5, 16/16, 19/19, An Introduction To 20/5 Microcomputers, 11/6, 20/1 Software, 7/3-5, 7/7-8, Analyses Conseils 7/10, 11/13, 13/3-4, Informations. See ACI 13/12-13, 13/18-20, 13/24, Analytical Engine. See 13/27, 15/7-8 Index/4 A History of the Personal Computer Accessories: Apple IIx project, 10/3, 20SC hard drive, 10/12 10/13 Disk II drive, 5/12, 5/14, Apple III, 5/17, 7/3, 10/1, 10/5, Development of, 5/14-15, 10/12, 10/21, 13/3, 17/8 10/2, 10/9-11 DuoDisk, 10/5 Miscellaneous, 10/5, ImageWriter printer, 10/5, 10/15, 10/18, 17/9 10/21, 13/20, 17/14 Software, 13/3, 13/8, LaserWriter printer, 10/6, 13/12, 13/20 13/24, 17/15-16 Apple III Plus, 10/5, LaserWriter II printer, 10/11, 17/12 17/16 Apple 32 SuperMicro LaserWriter Plus printer, product line, 10/16 10/7, 10/24, 17/16 Cortland project (Apple ProFile hard disk, 10/11, IIGS), 10/13 10/15, 10/17, 17/9 eMate, 16/2 Scribe printer, 10/13 Junior Newton project, Silentype printer, 5/14 14/10 Twiggy floppy disk drive, Lisa, 5/14 10/15, 10/17, 10/21 Apple corporate, 10/1-2, UniDisk, 10/6 10/5-6, 10/9-11, 10/17 Computers: Development of, 5/15-16, Apple I Board, 4/10, 10/14-17 5/4-7, 5/11, 19/4, Miscellaneous, 3/11, 19/9-10 10/19-21, 10/23, 12/18, Apple II, 17/23 Apple corporate, 5/1, Software, 10/19, 13/5 10/1-2, 10/5, 10/11, Lisa 2, 10/2, 10/5, 10/11, 10/18, 14/11, 16/3 10/17 Clones, 11/13-14, 17/16 Lisa 2/5, 10/17 Development of, 5/10-15 Lisa 2/10, 10/17-18 Magazines, 18/5, 18/8 Macintosh, Markets, 4/1, 4/15, Apple corporate, 10/1, 5/14, 9/1 10/5-6, 16/1-3 Microsoft, 6/9, 6/14, Development of, 5/16, 12/1, 12/21, 12/23 10/18-23 Miscellaneous, 3/14, Magazines, 18/6, 18/8 9/13, 10/6, 11/16, Microsoft, 12/2-3, 17/17-19, 19/9 12/5-7, 12/10, Software, 7/5, 7/8-9, 12/17-19, 12/23-24, 7/10-11, 10/5, 10/9, 12/26-28, 15/4, 10/11, 10/14, 10/23, 16/8-9, 16/11 13/3, 13/7-9, 13/12, Miscellaneous, 3/11, 13/18, 13/24-27 10/8-11, 10/17-18, Apple II clones, 11/13-14, 11/11-12, 14/11, 16/3, 17/16 17/8, 17/16, 17/21, Apple II Plus, 4/1, 4/16, 17/23, 19/9, 19/17, 5/14, 10/12, 17/17 19/19 Apple IIc, 10/5, 10/7, Software, 10/7, 10/14, 10/12-13, 14/9 13/5-6, 13/11, Apple IIc Plus, 10/8, 13/15-17, 13/19-20, 10/13 13/23-24, 13/30, 15/7, Apple IIe, 10/5, 10/6,