RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF EDUCATION ST. PETERSBURG INTELLIGENTSIA CONGRESS ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES under the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia DIALOGUE OF CULTURES UNDER GLOBALIZATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE: Vol.1 12TH INTERNATIONAL LIKHACHOV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE May 17–18, 2012 The Conference is held in accordance with The conference, originally called ‘The Days of Sci- the Decree of President of Russia V. V. Putin ence in St. Petersburg University of the Humanities ‘On perpetuating the memory and Social Sciences’ is the 20th in number of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov’ and the 12th in the status of the International No 587, dated from May 23, 2001 Likhachov Scientific Conference St. Petersburg 2012 ББК 72 Д44 Scientifi c editor A. S. Zapesotsky, Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Likhachov Scientifi c Conference, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Dr. Sc. (Cultural Studies), Professor, Scientist Emeritus of the Russian Federation, Artist Emeritus of the Russian Federation Editor of the English language edition S. R. Abramov, English Chair of St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Dr. Sc. (Philology), Professor Recommended to be published by the Editorial and Publishing Council of St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences, minutes No. 7, dated from 28.03.12 Dialogue of Cultures under Globalization. Vol. 1 : Proceedings of the 12th In- Д44 ter national Likha chov Scien tifi c Conference, May 17–18, 2012, St. Peters burg : SPbUHSS, 2012. — 166 p. ISBN 978-5-7621-0674-0 The book presents the proceedings of the 12th International Likhachov Scientifi c Conference that is due to take place on May 17–18, 2012 at St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and So- cial Sciences in accordance with the Decree of President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin ‘On perpetuating the memory of D. S. Likhachov’. The authors are prominent Russian and foreign scholars, members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Education: A. A. Akayev, U. V. Arutyunyan, O. T. Bogo- molov, S. Yu. Glazyev, A. A. Gromyko, A. A. Guseynov, A. S. Zapesotsky, A. B. Kudelin, V. A. Lek- torsky, V. L. Makarov, V. V. Naumkin, V. S. Styopin, T. Y. Khabrieva, N. P. Shmelyov and others; heads of research centers, well-known political fi gures, statesmen and public offi cials, clerisy repre- sentatives: the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation S. V. Lavrov, Judges of the Con- stitutional Court of the Russian Federation G. A. Hajiyev and M. I. Kleandrov, Chairman of the Cen- tral Election Commission of the Russian Federation V. Ye. Churov, Deputy Ministers of the Russian Federation A. E. Busygin, G. M. Gatilov and A. L. Safonov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- potentiary of the Russian Federation to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland A. V. Yakovenko, President of the Bar of Moscow H. M. Reznik, writer A. A. Likhanov. Among foreign guests of the Conference are HRH Michael of Kent (Great Britain), Member of Parliament of India M. M. Joshi, Director of the Secretariat of the Alliance of Civilizations of the United Nations Organization M. Scheuer; representatives of foreign Academies of Sciences: F. Un- ger – from the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Yu. S. Shemshuchenko – from the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, A. N. Nysanbayev – from the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, V. Prodanov – from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Xing – from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; German political analyst A. Rahr, French slavicist R. Guerra and other outstanding persons. The papers of the participants of the 12th Likhachov Conference are devoted to the burning is- sues of the modern age. The role of the Conference was highly estimated by V. V. Putin: ‘The meet- ing devoted to the dialogue of cultures and partnership of civilizations will become another step in the development of inter-faith and inter-ethnic communication, will promote the rapprochement of peoples’. ББК 72 ISBN 978-5-7621-0674-0 © SPbUHSS, 2012 DECREE OF PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ‘ON PERPETUATING THE MEMORY OF DMITRY SERGEYEVICH LIKHACHOV’ Given D. S. Likhachov’s outstanding contribution to the development of the home science and culture I enact: 1. the Government of the Russian Federation should: – establish two personal grants in honour of D. S. Likhachov at the rate of 400 roubles each for university students from the year 2001 and to define the procedure of conferring them; – work out the project of D. S. Likhachov’s gravestone on a com- petitive basis together with the Government of St. Petersburg; – consider the issue of making a film devoted to D. S. Likhachov’s life and activities. 2. the Government of St. Petersburg should: – name one of the streets in St. Petersburg after D. S. Likhachov; – consider the issue of placing a memorial plate on the building of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Scien- ce (Pushkin’s House); – guarantee the work on setting up D. S. Likhachov’s gravestone in prescribed manner. 3. According to the suggestion from the Russian Academy of Scien- ce the Likhachov Memorial Prizes of the Russian Academy of Science should be established for Russian and foreign scientists for their out- standing contribution to the research of literature and culture of an- cient Russia, and the collected writings of the late Academician should be published. 4. According to the suggestion from St. Petersburg Intel li- gentsia Congress the International Likhachov Scientific Confe- rence should be annually held on the Day of the Slavonic Let- ters and Culture. VLADIMIR PUTIN President of the Russian Federation Moscow, the Kremlin, May 23, 2001 GREETINGS OF PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DMITRY MEDVEDEV TO THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIKHACHOV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE To the participants and guests of the 11th International Likhachov Scientific Conference Dear friends! Congratulations on the opening of the Likhachov Scientific Conference, which has brought to St. Petersburg prominent scholars, figures and experts on culture from more than 20 countries of the world. You are about to discuss some key humanitarian issues of the contemporary age, the main of them being the development of the dialogue of cultures. The current Conference’s special feature will be an opening of the unique exhibition of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov’s works, which will be of interest to both the participants of the forum and a wide audience outside. I am certain that your meetings will henceforth promote humanistic values and ideas. And the initiatives set forth at the Conference will become a significant contribution to improving international and inter-confessional relations. I wish you every success and fruitful work. President of the Russian Federation D. A. MEDVEDEV GREETINGS OF CHAIRMAN OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION VLADIMIR PUTIN TO THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIKHACHOV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE To the participants and guests 11th of the International Likhachov Scientific Conference Dear Friends! I would like to welcome participants, hosts and guests of the 11th Interna tional Likhachov Scientific Conference! Your forum, traditionally gathering the cream of the Russian intellectual community, prominent scientists and public figures from all over the world in St. Petersburg is an outstanding and remarkable event in the international scientific and cultural life. It is crucial that the topics of the Conference precisely reflect the most urgent and acute humanitarian issues, the main of them being promotion of the dialogue of cultures and civilizations in the modern world, establishment of moral and spiritual foundations of the society. And certainly, one of the priority tasks for you is preserving the invaluable legacy of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov, which is as relevant and significant as before. I wish you fruitful and constructive discussions, interesting and useful meetings. Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V. V. PUTIN GREETINGS FROM DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF UNESCO IRINA BOKOVA TO THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIKHACHOV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE To the Organizing Committee of the 11th International Likhachov Scientific Conference The theme of the 11th International Likhachov Scientific Conference, ‘Dialogue among Cultures in the Context of Globalization,’ carries special meaning for UNESCO. The Organization was created in 1945 to build peace through cooperation in edu- cation, science, culture, communication and information. Our Constitution declares that if wars start in the minds of men and women, then it is in the minds of men and women that the defences of peace must be built. Ignorance of each other’s ways, and prejudice against the ‘fruitful diversity of cultures’ are identified as causes of mistrust, tension and conflict. The world has changed since 1945, but this mandate remains as relevant as ever. Globalization has opened unprecedented opportunities for understanding, contact and exchange. At the same time, new questions are emerging about how to manage the deepening diversity of our societies. Increasing contacts has been accompanied by heightened anxiety from individuals and communities facing new pressures. In a context of economic austerity, it is vital for public policy to build new