20 Ground Improvement 32 30 years of 48 Ground stabilization for 72 The Rise of UAVs – Coming Full Circle Launched Soil Nails Underground Construction in Geotechnics SEPTEMBER // OCTOBER 2016 Ground Improvement Proudly published by the Geo-Institute of ASCE GEOPIER IS GROUND IMPROVEMENT® Delivering cost-effective, reliable, engineered foundation systems PROVIDING CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR ALL SOIL TYPES SEND US YOUR PROJECT DATA Geopier’s goal is to bring you advanced, innovative ground Let our geotechnical engineers customize a solution that meets your improvement technology in a way that is easy to use every day. needs. Submit your project details to receive a feasibility assessment Geopier Rammed Aggregate Pier® and rigid inclusion products and cost estimate at geopier.com/feasibilityrequest enable you to: • Improve variable fill soils in place • Replace deep foundations For more information call 800-371-7470, • Control settlement e-mail [email protected] or visit geopier.com. • Increase soil bearing capacities ©2016 Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. The Geopier® technology and brand names are protected under U.S. patents and trademarks listed at www.geopier.com/patents and other trademark applications and patents pending. Other foreign patents, patent applications, trademark registrations, and trademark applications also exist. September // October 2016 Features 32 The Evolution of Launched Soil Nails 64 Extreme Makeover: Interchange A 30-year retrospective. Gets Ground Improvement Facelift By Colby Barrett and Graeme Quickfall How innovative use of rigid inclusions allowed for rapid construction of a large highway interchange in the Garden State. 40 A History of Deep Vibratory Methods By Gillian M. Williams, Sarah Ramp, Sonia S. Swift, Justin for Ground Improvement Labrozzi, Michael P. Walker, and Frederic Masse A cost-effective foundation solution for 80+ years. By Jeffrey R. Hill, Allen L. Sehn, and Mark Koelling 72 What’s New in Geo? The Rise of UAVs Signals a New Era in 48 Ground Improvement for Geotechnics Underground Construction Big data in geotechnics is coming from above. The good, the bad, and the ugly. By Dimitrios Zekkos, William Greenwood, John By Paul C. Schmall Manousakis, and Jerome Lynch 56 A Sinking Feeling in Happy Valley ON THE COVER Limited mobility grouting arrests movement of Construction of a vibro-replacement, stone column ground improvement program for a emergency room. new restaurant along the San Diego Bayfront. By Shad E. Hoover and Whitney E. Greenawalt The ground improvement was used to mitigate liquefaction and lateral spread potential. With the views of the San Diego skyline across the bay, this site is considered prime real estate for a restaurant that will take advantage of the view. (Photo courtesy Hayward Baker, Inc.) CONNECT WITH US www.asce.org/geo twitter.com/GeoInstitute facebook.com/GeoInstitute LinkedInGeo GeoInstituteASCE 2 GEOSTRATA SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2016 SVOFFICE™5 offers a new paradigm for slope stability modeling. Imagine building your entire site in 3D, considering construction and excavation sequences – then easily utilize the same geometry within a variety of groundwater or slope stability analysis scenarios in 2D or 3D. Now imagine that this can all be done within one user-friendly environment more efficiently than your current workflow allows. That’s the new reality of the SVOFFICE™5 family of products. Start your free trial now. Visit soilvision.com/gsm4/ Fully integrated workkow allows users to build 3D 3D Multi-Directional site geometry Slope Stability Analysis with triangulated suface meshes using SVDESIGNER then use the mesh ™ SVOFFICE 5 Features in all other modules. ✪ SVDESIGNER™ Conceptual Modeler/Visualizer: ✪ Build complex 3D site geometry; ✪ Easily slice 2D cross-sections from any position or angle; ✪ Export to 2D or 3D numerical models; Slope Stability Analysis ✪ Rapid prototyping of geotechnical designs; ✪ Manage, edit and visualize construction/excavation activities. of 2D Slices ✪ SVSLOPE® Significantly Improved: ✪ Advanced multi-directional slope stability analysis. Fully build 3D models and analyze slip in any direction – a feature exclusive to SVSLOPE®3D and not available in any competing package. ✪ “Optimize” slip surface refinement function; 1D/2D/3D Groundwater ✪ Improved 2D block searching capabilities; Seepage Analysis ✪ Support for triangulated surface meshes; ✪ Faster solution times. ✪ SVSOILS™ Knowledge-Based Database: (fmr. SoilVision) ✪ Premier product for estimating the hydraulic properties for flow modeling in unsaturated soils has been completely redesigned; ✪ Simplified user interface for increased workflow efficiency; ✪ Increased to 34 available estimation methods; ✪ Development of oil-sand constitutive models; ✪ High-Performance Graphics Engine: ✪ Manipulation of larger more complex models; ✪ Quicker rotation and translation of objects; ✪ Improved CAD editing controls/responsiveness. ✪ & So Much More! Next Generation Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Modeling Sooware MINING AND EXPLORATION GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION Web: soilvision.com/gsm4/ | Email: [email protected] | Ph: 1.306.477.3324 SVOFFICE, SVSOILS, SVDESIGNER, SVFLUX, SVHEAT, SVCHEM, SVAIR, “Powerful • Flexible • Effcient” and respective logomarks are trademarks of SoilVision Systems Ltd. SVSLOPE is a registered trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd. All rights reserved. EDITORIAL BOARD j James L. Withiam, PhD, PE, D.GE, M.ASCE, D’Appolonia [email protected] j J. Tanner Blackburn, PhD, PE, M.ASCE, Hayward Baker [email protected] j Jeff Dunn, PhD, PE, D.GE, GE, M.ASCE, Arup September // October 2016 [email protected] j Ken Fishman, PhD, PE, M.ASCE, McMahon & Mann Consulting Engineers [email protected] j Brian Hubel, PE, GE, M.ASCE, Black & Veatch Corp. [email protected] 8 From the President j Michael P. McGuire, PhD, PE, M.ASCE, Lafayette College By Kord Wissmann [email protected] j Peter G. Nicholson, PhD, PE, D.GE, F.ASCE, 10 From the Editorial Board Nicholson Geotechnical By Peter G. Nicholson [email protected] j Mary C. Nodine, PE, M.ASCE, GEI Consultants, Inc. [email protected] 12 Board of Governors Update j William K. Petersen, PE, M.ASCE, Schnabel Engineering [email protected] 14 Technical Activities Update j Mark Seel, PE, PG, M.ASCE, Langan [email protected] 16 COREBITS PEOPLE j Chris Woods, PE, D.GE, M.ASCE, Densification, Inc. [email protected] Departments 20 As I See It: Ground Improvement – Coming Full Circle 2015-16 G-I BOARD OF GOVERNORS By Vernon R. Schaefer j Kord Wissmann, PhD, PE, D.GE, M.ASCE – President j Garry H. Gregory, PhD, PE, D.GE, M.ASCE – 24 Lessons Learned from GeoLegends: Vice President Thomas D. O’Rourke j Youssef M. A. Hashash, PhD, PE, F.ASCE – Treasurer By Suguang (Sean) Xiao, Hai (Thomas) Lin, and Hanna j Allen Cadden, PE, D.GE, F.ASCE – Past President Moussa Jabbour j James G. Collin, PhD, PE, D.GE, F.ASCE j Patrick J. Fox, PhD, PE, D.GE, M.ASCE 78 The GeoCurmudgeon: The Call j Beth A. Gross, PhD, PE, D.GE, F.ASCE By John P. Bachner j Kancheepuram N. Gunalan, PhD, PE, D.GE, F.ASCE j Brad Keelor – Secretary (non-voting) 82 Look Who’s a D.GE An interview with Robert W. Thompson GEOSTRATA STAFF j Stefan Jaeger – Publisher 84 COREBITS INDUSTRY j Dianne Vance, CAE – Director of Advertising [email protected] 85 COREBITS EVERYTHING G-I j Kristie C. Kehoe – Content Coordinator j Helen Cook – Content Editor 86 COREBITS CHAPTERS j Elizabeth Cuscino – Content Editor j Sean Richardson – Production Manager 87 COREBITS CALENDAR ADVERTISING SALES MANAGERS 87 What’s Coming in November/ j Brooke King, Kelli Nilsson, McCall Mohanna December 2016 GEOSTRATA GEOSTRATA DESIGN j THOR Design Studio, www.thor.design 88 GeoPoem: Ground Improvement By Mary C. Nodine GEOSTRATA is a forum for the free expression and interchange of ideas. The opinions and positions stated within are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of GEOSTRATA, the Geo-Institute, or the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). GEOSTRATA—ISSN 1529-2975—is published bi-monthly by ASCE, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400 and is a free ASCE/Geo-Institute membership benefit, not available by subscription. ADDRESS CHANGES: GEOSTRATA is published by the Geo-Institute ASCE/G-I members should e-mail [email protected], or click and the American Society of Civil Engineers. on “My Profile” at asce.org. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved. Materials may not be reproduced or translated without written permission from ASCE. Periodicals postage paid at Herndon, VA, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to GEOSTRATA, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400. 4 GEOSTRATA SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2016 ISSUE NO. 5 • VOLUME 20 GEOPIER IS GROUND IMPROVEMENT® Delivering cost-effective, reliable, engineered foundation systems PROVIDING CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR ALL SOIL TYPES SEND US YOUR PROJECT DATA Geopier’s goal is to bring you advanced, innovative ground Let our geotechnical engineers customize a solution that meets your improvement technology in a way that is easy to use every day. needs. Submit your project details to receive a feasibility assessment Geopier Rammed Aggregate Pier® and rigid inclusion products and cost estimate at geopier.com/feasibilityrequest enable you to: • Improve variable fill soils in place • Replace deep foundations For more information call 800-371-7470, • Control settlement e-mail [email protected] or visit geopier.com.