Letter from Newton MUN's Secretary-General Dear Delegates and Faculty Advisors, Welcome to NewMUN 2019! Before anything, I would like to wish you the best of luck in this two-day conference which is going to bring together the best MUN delegates from Lima. I am sure that I will witness the highest level of debate at this conference. More than as a MUNer, but as a responsible citizen, I understand that the global issues in our world must be solved by the international community. I also understand that MUN delegates don't have the capabilities to take the decisions to change the world, but at least we have the capacity to outrage ourselves when seeing that something is not working for our well being. That capacity to go out and speak for your beliefs, to stand up and raise the flag of your country demanding for consensus, demanding for peace, demanding for the well being of everyone. That capacity is the only way in which countries can move forward, and it is the only way in which we will contribute to building a better world. Maybe a little visionary, but is the truth. This year, the Newton team has decided to increase the number of committees in order to have a MUN conference of the best quality. The topics that we have chosen tackle issues from the past, present, and future, therefore presenting a challenge for delegates to combine their knowledge and application to reach solutions. In many of the committees, Directors have been prepared to take the flow of the committee to a maximum moment of crisis in order to assess the networking and negotiating skill from delegates. I will just like to leave you the message, that the only way to be successful is to give your best. As Eric Thomas once said: "You will be successful when you want something as hard as you want to breath". I wish you the best of luck in your committees and hope you have an amazing time in NewMUN 2019! Sincerely, Santiago Bustamante Secretary-General 1 Letter from the Committee Director Dear Delegates, It is a pleasure to introduce myself to you all. My name is Ainhoa Ceballos, and I’m currently in form V at Newton College, starting my first year of the IB Diploma programme. Nonetheless, even though school is enormously time-consuming (as you may all be aware of), I find the time to do some things I enjoy as playing tennis every day, participating in some clubs as MUN and watching some good shows on Netflix. In regards to my experience in MUN, I joined my school’s MUN club about 3 years ago, and I’ve attended around 10 conferences. To be honest, my favourite type of committee is SOCHUM since I feel passionate to discuss about the rights and well-being of people. This is why I’m really glad I have the opportunity to be the director of such a remarkable committee, as it revolves around a global concerning issue as is Modern Day Slavery. All I have to say to you is to give your best and get out of your comfort zone because it is the only way we get to do extraordinary things, and I reassure you this will not only help you in MUN but through many future life-situations. Participate as much as you can, if you are not really sure of something, take a risk anyway since we all come here to learn. Lastly, if you have any doubts or concerns during the committee let me know as I’ll be more than glad to help you, and if you’ve got any questions before the conference please feel free to write me an e-mail. Looking forward to meet you all, Best, Ainhoa Ceballos Committee Director, NEWMUN conference 2019 [email protected] ​ 2 Table Of Contents I. Overview of The Committee …………………………………………………………….. 4 II. Statement of the Topic …………………………………………………………………… 4 III. History of the Topic ……………………………………………………………………… 6 IV. Worldwide Issue Today ………………………………………………………………….. 7 A. Different Forms of Modern-Day Slavery B. Case Studies V. Past Un Actions ………………………………………………………………………… 12 VI. Bloc Positions ………………………………………………………………………...… 14 VII. Possible Solutions ………………………………………………………………………. 16 VIII. Questions All Resolutions Must Answer (QARMA´S) ……………………………….... 18 IX. Guidelines for Position Papers ………………………………………………………….. 19 X. Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………. 20 3 I. Overview of the Committee As such, in this committee, we will be discussing The Social, Humanitarian and Cultural the topic of Modern-Day Slavery, a politically, Committee, The United Nations General ethically and economical complicated issue Assembly Third Committee, usually referred to which is currently affecting negatively more than as SOCHUM includes all 193 member states and 40 million individuals, threatening their lives , was established in 1947 by the United Nations in and forming controversy in various countries order to discuss issues that involved social around the different corners of the world. development. Now, as you may be aware of, as resolutions Currently, SOCHUM is at the lead of human aren’t effective except a vast majority of the rights matters; committee concede with the ideas and tackling critical stipulations firmly enough, in order to proceed to concerns as: uphold it; it is crucial that delegates collaborate - Human with each other to ensure that as many countries’ trafficking burdens are covered and the issues are taken care - Protection of. Therefore delegates, your challenge for this of children and April 13th and 14th is to actively debate in this minorities simulation in order to draft a viable resolution - Empowerment of women and indigenous that will suggest reasonable solutions to address communities the root causes and the primary and secondary - Refugees crisis and treatments effects of Modern-Day Slavery;respecting your - The building up of fundamental freedoms nations’ policies and acting with total diplomacy. through the eradication of racism and discrimination II. Statement of the topic as it changed its forms, given that current victims of contemporary slavery are not only illegally It's been centuries since the cruel acts of slavery owned, but exposed to dehumanized and were abolished and prohibited by law. possessive treats, as forced labor, sexual Nonetheless, slavery continues to harm people, exploitation, debt bondage and many other forms 4 of unbearable threats towards humans. Currently, around 40.3 million people are under modern So, in different words, Modern-Day Slavery is slavery conditions across the world, crying for in very few cases people literally owning other desperate help and initiatives to put a harsh end people but actually more about being completely to these disruptions of rights. controlled or exploited at any extent by someone else; and it is concerning that it exists in every Even though The 1948 Universal Declaration of single continent in the world, and almost in every Human Rights prohibited slavery under all of its country; from the most developed ones, to forms through the following declaration "No one underdeveloped ones. ​ shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their Contemporary slavery divides into different forms." ; Modern-Day Slavery was directly forms, which will later be explained, thus, the ​ referred to by the UN supplementary convention people who fall under these, are indeed the most in 1956 which states "debt bondage, serfdom, vulnerable, marginalised and socially excluded ​ forced marriage and the delivery of a child for groups in our societies, as the ones that are under the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like extreme poverty, children, women and girls and practices and require criminalisation and indigenous communities. For instance,the ​ abolishment" . This portrays a definition of ‘International Labour Organisation’ estimated ​ Modern-Day slavery since it exposes different that over 8.4 million children are in some from ​ forms of it; as debt bondage, serfdom, forced of slavery, such as prostitution, forced labour, marriage and child exploitation.Yet, another forced marriage and drug trafficking. As well, form, and the most common one of modern day The Global Slavery Index study of 2016 exposed slavery, being it forced labour was defined in the that out of 40.3 million people in modern Forced Labour Convention of 1930 as “ "all slavery, 71% of it are females, portraying once ​ work or service which is exacted from any again that due to lack of empowerment the person under the menace of any penalty and for vulnerable groups are the most affected. which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily". 5 III. History of the topic example, Spain (1811), Sweden (18130, Netherlands (18140). Portugal decides to ban A. History of Slavery slave trade, but only north of the equator in 1819. Slavery started in the 6800s b.c, when the Nevertheless, it's important to highlight that this Mesopotamian enemies were forced to work for new legislations were just abolishing slave trade them when captured. Later, in 550 b.c, more than and not slavery. 30,000 slaves were forced to work in the silver In 1833, Britain decides to pass the Abolition of mines of Athens, in Greece. In 120 a.d, more Slavery Act, that gradually abolished slavery in than half of the population of Rome were slaves. all british colonies. France does this too in 1849 Years later, in the 1000s, slavery was a regular and Brazil in 1851. These actions eventually led practice in Britain. Followed by that, in 1380, to the total abolition of slavery at the end of the during the aftermath of the Black Plague, the 19th century. slave trade blossoms because of the lack of workers. It is clear that society believed that all C. Modern-Day Slavery humans didn't have the right to be treated In 1999, the first global analysis of modern-day slavery is published.