REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics, and International Relations no: Facts and Comments 36 Ömer E. LÜTEM 2017 1915 Events, New Issues and Reconciliation Within the Framework of Persistence of Conflict and the Concept of Intractable Conflict Ebru ÇOBAN ÖZTÜRK The Foundation of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its Activities in the Ottoman Empire in View of Russian Archival Sources (1890-1915) Olga BYKOVA HERGÜL Stopping the Censors: The Final Defeat of Armenian Nationalism at the French Constitutional Council in January 2017 Maxime GAUIN Research on the Issue of Christian, Hidden and/or Islamized Armenians in Turkey Ömer Lütfi TAŞCIOĞLU BOOK REVIEW REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics, and International Relations 2017, No: 36 EDITOR Ömer Engin LÜTEM Alev KILIÇ MANAGING EDITOR Mehmet Oğuzhan TULUN EDITORIAL BOARD In Alphabetical Order Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Alev KILIÇ (Ret. Ambassador, Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI Director of the Center for Eurasian Studies) (Başkent University) Ömer E. LÜTEM Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK (Ret. Ambassador) Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI (Ret. Ambassador) (Marmara University) Prof. Dr. Metin HÜLAGÜ Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR (Erciyes University) (Political Scientist) Dr. Bilal N. ŞİMŞİR (Ret. Ambassador, Historian) ADVISORY BOARD In Alphabetical Order Mehmet Yiğit ALPOGAN Prof. Dr. Yusuf HALAÇOĞLU (Ret. Ambassador) (Member of the Parliament) Ertuğrul APAKAN Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU (Ret. Ambassador) Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY Prof. Dr. Nedret KURAN BURÇOĞLU (University of Louisville) (Boğaziçi University) Prof. Dr. Jeremy SALT Assist. Prof. Dr. Brendon J. CANNON (Bilkent University) (Khalifa University) Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY Ahmet Altay CENGİZER (Historian) (Ambassador) Prof. Dr. Norman STONE Dr. Edward ERICKSON (Bilkent University) (Historian) Prof. Dr. Ömer TURAN Uluç GÜRKAN (Middle East Technical University) (Journalist) Prof. Dr. Hakan YAVUZ (Utah University) PUBLISHER Ali Kenan ERBULAN Review of Armenian Studies is published biannually Review of Armenian Studies is a refereed journal. Review of Armenian Studies is indexed in EBSCO and TUBITAK-ULAKBIM databases. Articles submitted for publication are subject to peer review. The editorial board takes into consideration whether the submitted article follows the rules of scientific writing. The articles are sent to two referees known for their academic reputation in their respective areas. Upon their decision, the article will be published in the journal, or rejected. The reports of the referees are kept confidential and stored in the Journalʼs archives for five years. 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CONTENTS (İÇİNDEKİLER) Page Contributors...............................................................................................................................................5 (Yazarlar) Editorial Note.............................................................................................................................................7 (Editörün Notu) ARTICLES ...................................................................................................................................................9 (MAKALELER) Facts and Comments .......................................................................................................................9 (Olaylar ve Yorumlar) Ömer Engin LÜTEM 1915 Events, New Issues and Reconciliation Within the Framework of Persistence of Conflict and the Concept of Intractable Conflict..............................29 (Çatışma Sürekliliği ve Çözülemeyen/İnatçı Çatışma Kavramı Çerçevesinde 1915 Olayları, Yeni Sorunlar ve Uzlaşma) Assist. Prof. Dr. Ebru ÇOBAN ÖZTÜRK The Foundation of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its Activities in the Ottoman Empire in View of Russian Archival Sources (1890-1915).............53 (Rus Arşiv Belgeleri Işığında Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonunun Kuruluşu ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğuʼndaki Faaliyetleri (1890-1915)) CONTENTS Olga BYKOVA HERGÜL Stopping the Censors: The Final Defeat of Armenian Nationalism at the French Constitutional Council in January 2017 .....................................................75 (Sansürcülerin Durdurulması: Ermeni Milliyetçiliğinin Ocak 2017ʼde Fransız Anayasa Konseyiʼndeki Nihai Yenilgisi) Maxime GAUIN Research on the Issue of Christian, Hidden and/or Islamized Armenians in Turkey................................................................................................113 (Türkiyeʼdeki Hrıstiyan Ermeniler ile Gizli ve/veya Müslümanlaşmış Ermeniler Üzerine Bir Araştırma) Dr. Ömer Lütfi TAŞCIOĞLU BOOK REVIEW ....................................................................................................................................135 (KİTAP TAHLİLİ) “The Ararat Illusion”......................................................................................................................135 (“Ağrı Yanılsaması”) Assist. Prof. Dr. Christopher GUNN Review of Armenian Studies 3 No. 36, 2017 . Contributors Ömer Engin LÜTEM is a retired ambassador and the honorary president of Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM). He graduated from Galatarasay High School and the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Ankara. After several assignments in Turkish missions in France, Germany, Italy, and Libya, he became Turkish Consul General at Cologne, Germany in 1975. He served as Direc- tor General of Personnel of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey in 1979 and Director General of Intelligence and Research of the Ministry in 1981. He was assigned as the Am- bassador of the Republic of Turkey to Bulgaria in 1983 and served for six years. He served as Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry (1989-1992), Ambassador of the Re- public of Turkey to the Vatican (1992-1995), and the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Turkey to UNESCO (1995-1997). He is the founding president of Institute for Armenian Research at Eurasian Strategic Research Center - ASAM (2001) and the Crimes Against Humanity Research Institute (2006). He served as the Director of AVİM between 2009-2012. He is currently the editor of three journals published by AVİM: Ermeni Araştırmaları, Review of Armenian Studies, and International Crimes and History. Apart from these, since 2006, he has been the instructor of a master’s de- gree course titled “Emergence and Evolution of the Armenian Question” at the History Department of the Middle Eastern Technical University (METU), Ankara. Ebru ÇOBAN ÖZTÜRK serves as an Assistant Professor at Çankaya University, Department of Political Science and Interna- tional Relations. She received her undergraduate degree from Mid- dle East Technical University, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Department of International Relations. Af- terwards, she received both her master’s and doctoral degrees from Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science, Department of In- ternational Relations. She has participated in various projects and assignments in many countries and conflict zones. She currently conducts fieldwork and theoretical studies on the subjects of violence and genocide, and has published extensively on these subjects. Review of Armenian Studies 5 No. 36, 2017 Olga Bykova Hergül is a PhD candidate at Ural State University (Ural Federal University - UrFU). She graduated from Ural State University’s Faculty of International Relations, Department of Ori- ental Studies in 2008. Upon graduation, she continued her education by applying for the doctoral degree program at the same university. For the 2009-2010 education year, she earned a research scholarship from the Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey and worked as a researcher at Istanbul University’s the Institute of Ataturk’s Principles and History of Turkish Revolution and conducted research on the “Armenian Question”. In 2011-2013, she served as an instructor at Yeditepe University. She has given lectures on Russian language and Russia’s history and culture. Bykova Hergül, whose mother tongue is Russian, also speaks Turkish, English, and Spanish. She