THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/24635 SHARE Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations (2017) DETAILS 200 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-45348-6 | DOI 10.17226/24635 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES SUGGESTED CITATION National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2017. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24635. 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Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Contract EP-C-14-005, TO#0002 between the National Academy of Sciences and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-45348-6 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-45348-8 Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/24635 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017930534 Copyright 2017 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24635. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C.D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve com- plex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies. org. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations Reports document the evidence-based consensus of an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and committee deliberations. Reports are peer reviewed and are approved by the National Academies of Sci- ences, Engineering, and Medicine. Proceedings chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other convening event. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and have not been endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, En- gineering, and Medicine. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit national academies.org/whatwedo. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations COMMITTEE ON INCORPORATING 21ST CENTURY SCIENCE INTO RISK-BASED EVALUATIONS Members JONATHAN M. SAMET (Chair), University of Southern California, Los Angeles MELVIN E. ANDERSEN, ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, NC JON A. ARNOT, ARC Arnot Research & Consulting, Toronto, ON ESTEBAN BURCHARD, University of California, San Francisco GEORGE P. DASTON, Procter & Gamble, Mason, OH DAVID B. DUNSON, Duke University, Durham, NC NIGEL GREENE, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA HEATHER B. PATISAUL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KRISTI PULLEN FEDINICK, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC BEATE R. RITZ, University of California, Los Angeles IVAN RUSYN, Texas A&M University, College Station ROBERT L. TANGUAY, Oregon State University, Corvallis JUSTIN G. TEEGUARDEN, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA JAMES M. TIEDJE, Michigan State University, East Lansing PAOLO VINEIS, Imperial College London, UK MICHELLE WILLIAMS, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA FRED WRIGHT, North Carolina State University, Raleigh LAUREN ZEISE, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland Staff ELLEN K. MANTUS, Project Director MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager, Technical Information Center RADIAH ROSE-CRAWFORD, Manager, Editorial Projects IVORY CLARKE, Research Assistant Sponsors US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY1 Members WILLIAM H. FARLAND (Chair), Colorado State University, Fort Collins PRAVEEN AMAR, Independent Consultant, Lexington, MA RICHARD A. BECKER, American Chemistry Council, Washington, DC E. WILLIAM COLGLAZIER, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC DOMINIC M. DITORO, University of Delaware, Newark DAVID C. DORMAN, North Carolina State University, Raleigh CHARLES T. DRISCOLL, JR., Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY ANNE FAIRBROTHER, Exponent (Retired), Philomath, OR LINDA E. GREER, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC WILLIAM E. HALPERIN, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark STEVEN P. HAMBURG, Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY ROBERT A. HIATT, University of California, San Francisco PHILIP K. HOPKE, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY SAMEUL KACEW, University of Ottawa, Ontario H. SCOTT MATTHEWS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA THOMAS E. MCKONE, University of California, Berkeley ROBERT PERCIASEPE, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, Arlington, VA MARK A. RATNER, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL JOAN B. ROSE, Michigan State University, East Lansing GINA M. SOLOMON, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento ROBERT M. SUSSMAN, Sussman and Associates, Washington, DC DEBORAH L. SWACKHAMMER, University of Minnesota, St. Paul PETER S. THORNE, University of Iowa, Iowa City JOYCE S. TSUJI, Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA Senior Staff JAMES J. REISA, Senior Director ELLEN K. MANTUS, Scholar and Director of Risk Assessment RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Scholar and Director of Environmental Studies SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Officer for Toxicology MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager, Technical Information Center RADIAH ROSE-CRAWFORD, Manager, Editorial Projects 1This study was planned, overseen, and supported by the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY Application of Modern Toxicology Approaches for Predicting Acute Toxicity for Chemical Defense (2015) Review of California’s Risk-Assessment Process for Pesticides (2015) Sustainability Concepts in Decision-Making: