CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES IN HILLARY CLINTON’S INTERVIEW WITH NDTV AND REFINERY29 IN 2017 A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial of the Requirements for the Degree Strata One ARY CHYNTHIA YASNI NIM. 11140260000063 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 ABSTRACT Ary Chynthia Yasni, Conversational Implicatures in Hillary Clinton‟s Interview with NDTV and Refinery29 in 2017. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanity Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2018. This research discusses about the conversational implicature that is generated by non-observance of maxims in the transcript text of Hillary Clinton‟s interviews with the representative of NDTV and Refinery29 by using Paul Grice‟s Cooperative Principles theory. It is also aimed to find out the meaning of each conversational implicature that have been found in the transcript text of the interviews. The result shows that both particularized conversational implicature and generalized conversational implicature are found in the transcript text. Clinton has done the non-observance towards three out of four maxims in the Cooperative Principles; they are maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. Furthermore, the types of non-observance of maxims that found in the transcript text of the interviews are flouting and opting out. Moreover, most of the conversational implicatures rise because Clinton fails to observe the maxim by flouting maxim of quantity. This research concludes that Clinton wanted the interlocutors to understand what she really meant by giving more information than what was required which made her to flout the maxim of quantity the most. She needed to be clear in answering the questions since she often got critics because as a woman and public figure, she was aware that so many people were paying attention to whatever she was doing. Keywords: Conversational Implicature, Maxims, Non-Observance of the Maxim i APPROVAL SHEET ii LEGALIZATION iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extend has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Tangerang Selatan, July 17th 2018 Ary Chynthia Yasni iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful All praises be to Allah, the lord of the world who has bestowed upon the writer in completing this thesis, without His blessings and His mercy, it is impossible that this thesis can be completed. Peace and salutation be upon the prophet, Muhammad SAW, his family, companions, and adherents who had guided us to be a good and successful person in this world. On this occasion, the writer would deeply thank her beloved parents, Yasni Darwis and Sasmita, for giving her support and prayer this whole time, and her sisters, Yuherly, Mery, Novri, and Rina for giving her constant support and motivation to accomplish this thesis. The writer also would like to express her gratitude to the people who have contributed morally, scientifically, and spiritually to finish this thesis. She would like to express her appreciations to the following people, namely: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M. Ag. as the Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. as the Head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum. as the secretary of English Letters Department. 4. Hilmi Akmal, M. Hum. as the writer‟s advisor who has spent his time to give inspirations, encouragements, critiques, and sincere guidance for the writer in finishing the thesis. v 5. All the lecturers in English Letters Department who sincerely taught and educated the writer valuable knowledge during her study at State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 6. All the librarians of Adab and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 7. Tartila Aryani, Annisa Elfiana, and Ray Sita for helping the writer by giving her inspirations, motivations, and suggestions to complete this thesis. 8. The Glasses Gang, Lulu Azizah, Alyssa Ibrati, and Irvin Vizan Muhammad who constantly bring laughters to the writer‟s life. 9. The ExoticA, the writer‟s beloved classmates, Nadilah Febryana, Galuh Nastiti, Nafilah Gustiyani, Sandra Gita, Anggia Ayu, Virza Af‟idati, Arcciasa Junanda, Angelina Dewi, Fara Kurnia, Shabrina Farahiyah. 10. The writer‟s classmates in Linguistics class. 11. KKN AVATAR 149, especially Tsizy Aqila, Shinta Dara, Mutiara Sari, Venny Adelia and Intan Rachmasari. 12. Yeh ling for giving the writer endless support and motivations. 13. EXO for giving the writer strength even from afar. Tangerang Selatan, July 17th 2018 Ary Chynthia Yasni vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………….. i APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………………….. ii LEGALIZATION ……………………………………………………………………. iii DECLARATION ……………………………………………………………………… iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………………….. v TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………….. vii CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study......................................................................................... 1 B. Focus of the Study .................................................................................................. 4 C. Research Question .................................................................................................. 4 D. Significance of the Study ........................................................................................ 5 E. Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 5 1. The Objectives of the Research .......................................................................... 5 2. The Method of the Research ............................................................................... 6 3. The Instrument of the Research .......................................................................... 6 4. Unit Analysis ...................................................................................................... 6 5. Technique of Data Collection and Data Analysis ............................................... 7 CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 9 A. Previous Research ................................................................................................... 9 B. Discourse Analysis ................................................................................................ 11 C. Cooperative Principles .......................................................................................... 12 1. Maxim of Quantity ............................................................................................ 13 2. Maxim of Quality .............................................................................................. 13 vii 3. Maxim of Relevance ......................................................................................... 13 4. Maxim of Manner ............................................................................................. 14 D. The Non-observance Maxim ................................................................................. 14 1. Flouting a Maxim .............................................................................................. 14 2. Violating a Maxim ............................................................................................ 15 3. Infringing a Maxim ........................................................................................... 16 4. Opting out a Maxim .......................................................................................... 17 5. Suspending a Maxim ......................................................................................... 17 E. Implicature ............................................................................................................ 18 1. Conventional Implicature .................................................................................. 19 2. Conversational Implicature ............................................................................... 20 CHAPTER III – FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................. 23 A. Data Description ................................................................................................... 23 B. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................ 23 CHAPTER IV – CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .................................... 51 A. Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 51 B. Suggestions ........................................................................................................... 52 WORKS CITED .................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................ 56 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study People communicate with each other using a system of communication which is called a code.