SENTENARYO NG TEORYANG GENERAL RELATIVITY March 14, 2016 (1 - 3 pm), NIP Auditorium, UP Diliman Program Emcees: Ms. Cherrie Olaya and Mr. Nestor Bareza National Anthem Welcome Remarks Academician William G. Padolina (NAST) Presentation 1 Einstein: Science, Image, and Impact (Dr. Perry Esguerra) Presentation 2 Einstein and the Music of the Spheres (Dr. Ian Vega) Intermission NIP Resonance Choir Presentation 3 From Einstein’s Universe to the Multiverse (Dr. Reina Reyes) Open Forum* *Moderators: Dr. May Lim and Dr. Nathaniel Hermosa II Closing Remarks Dr. Jose Maria P. Balmaceda (UP College of Science) (Refreshments will be served at the NIP Veranda) What’s Inside? Organizing Committee Messages p.1 Extended Abstracts 8 Dr. Percival Almoro (Chair) Einstein chronology 18 Dr. Perry Esguerra Einstein quotations 19 Dr. Ian Vega Dr. Caesar Saloma (Convenor) Outside Front Cover Outside Back Cover Inside Back Cover Einstein in Vienna, 1921 Depiction of gravitational waves Galaxies By: F. Schmutzer generated by binary neutron stars. By: Hubble Ultra Deep Field (Wikimedia Commons) By: R. Hurt/Caltech-JPL (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu. (http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/im- edu/hbase/astro/deepfield.html) ages/universe/20131106/pul- sar20131106-full.jpg) Acknowledgements Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) 1 2 Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) 3 4 Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466286219/in-milestone- scientists-detect-waves-in-space-time-as-black-holes-collide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4XzLDM3Py8 https://soundcloud.com/emily-lakdawalla Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) 5 6 Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) 7 Einstein: Science, Image, and Impact By Perry Esguerra ‘WHY is it that nobodY for photoluminescence, the ory of relativity. The result understands ME AND photoelectric effect, and the was a deeper understanding everYbodY LIKES ME?’ generation of cathode rays by of space and time that had Albert Einstein, quoted in the New York Times, 12 March 1944 photoionization. Einstein was repercussions on all of phys- awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize ics. Special relativity had in Physics for his explanation predictions that are counter- More than sixty years af- of the photoelectric effect. intuitive – e.g. time dilation, ter his last scientific paper, In “A New Determination of length contraction, relativity Einstein remains a figure of Molecular Dimensions”, Ein- of simultaneity, mass-energy fascination in the scienc- stein presented a method for equivalence- but the theory es and beyond. Einstein is determining the size of atoms was eventually accepted be- best known for the theories and molecules at a time when cause these predictions were of special and general rel- their very existence was con- verified experimentally. Spe- ativity but he contributed troversial. He showed that the cial relativity was, however, much more to the physics of sizes of atoms and molecules limited because it only relat- the 20th century. Einstein’s can be inferred from the dif- ed observations in reference scholarly career lasted for fif- fusion and the viscosity of frames that are in uniform ty-five years. His scientific dilute solutions. In “On the motion with respect to each reputation, however, rests on Movement of Small Particles other. the work he did in the first Suspended in Stationary Liq- twenty-five of these years. uids Required by the Molec- Einstein believed that a the- ular-Kinetic Theory of Heat” ory of relativity should also In 1905 Einstein produced – more often known as the apply to reference frames breakthrough work in three Brownian motion paper -Ein- that are in non-uniform mo- distinct areas of physics: stein continued his quest for tion relative to each other. on the quantum nature of the verification of the atomic His first steps towards a gen- light; on the size and the ef- theory. eral theory of relativity were fects of atoms; and on the made in 1907, through his special theory of relativi- The last two of Einstein’s great discovery of a simple version ty. The photon hypothesis papers of 1905 dealt with of the equivalence principle. enabled Einstein to account Special Relativity. Einstein From 1911 to October 1915, for the distribution of radia- described his theory of rel- Einstein formulated sever- tion emitted by a black body, ativity as a resolution of the al flawed versions of general and to propose explanations conflict between Maxwell’s relativity. Writing deprecat- for three experimental ob- electromagnetic theory and ingly about himself, Einstein servations – the Stokes rule the Newtonian / Galilean the- wrote in a letter to Ehrenfest 8 Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) “Einstein [referring to him- tum physics suggests that gen- ticles – a basis for theoretical self] has it easy. Every year eral relativity may not be the descriptions of superfluids he retracts what he wrote in final word on gravity. and superconductors. With the preceding year; now the Einstein also developed the Podolsky and Rosen, he pre- sorry business falls to me of first quantum theory of spe- sented what is now known as justifying my latest retrac- cific heats, thereby resolving the EPR paradox – a quan- tion”. a paradox in classical physics tum mechanical thought ex- that specific heats were often periment that has triggered In November 1915, Einstein smaller than can be explained debates on the interpretation finally presented the defin- by classical theory. With Brill- of quantum mechanics. itive formulation of gener- ouin and Keller, he developed al relativity to the Prussian a method for studying the He spent the last thirty years Academy of Sciences in a pa- quantum mechanical coun- of his life working on an un- per on the “Field Equations terparts of classical systems. successful search for a uni- of Gravitation”. In March He developed a theory for de- fied field theory. Einstein 1916, Einstein published a scribing how atoms emit and also tinkered with a device to synopsis of the General The- absorb light, a foundation for measure small voltage differ- ory of Relativity in Annalen the physics of lasers. With ences. With de Haas, he con- der Physik; in this paper Ein- Bose, he formulated the quan- ducted experiments on the stein concludes with a brief tum statistics of bosonic par- rotation of magnets. He had section on the three new predictions: the gravitation- al red shift, the gravitation- al bending of light, and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. The prediction about the gravitational bend- ing of light was confirmed by Arthur Eddington during the solar eclipse of 29 May 29, 1919. Other predictions of general relativity that were later confirmed include grav- itational lensing, the gravita- tional redshift of light, gravi- tational time delay, existence of black holes, and gravita- tional waves. Today general relativity is a cornerstone for cosmology and astrophysics. But the un- Photo of Albert Einstein and Charlie Chaplin at the Los Angeles pre- resolved issue of reconciling miere of the film City Lights. April 1931 (https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_and_Charlie_Chaplin_-_1931.jpg) general relativity and quan- Sentenaryo ng Teoryang General Relativity (March 14, 2016, UP-NIP) 9 approximately fifty patents, science, philosophy, religion, High School Curriculum, and including a patent for a re- and politics remain rele- General Physics 1, a specialized frigerator and a hearing aid. vant today; partly because subject under the STEM strand. made-up quotations sound He has been teaching Physics 10 (Physics and Astronomy for By 1919, Einstein’s genius more credible when they can Pedestrians), since 2002 and is was already widely recog- be attributed to Einstein; and the Faculty Adviser of the UP nized in scientific circles. , most importantly, because Astronomical Society. He has The University of Geneva Einstein’s scientific work still also taught introductory phys- awarded him his first hon- plays a significant role in the ics courses, and physics courses orary doctorate in 1909. cutting-edge scientific re- at the advance undergraduate, Einstein received nomina- search of our time. and graduate levels. He helped tions for the Nobel physics train many Philippine teams in prize in every year but About the Speaker sent to the International Olym- two from 1910 to 1922. It piad of Astronomy and Astro- physics, the International Phys- was, however, the interna- ics Olympiad, and the Asian tional media coverage of Ed- Physics Olympiad. He was a dington’s 1919 observations judge and a member of the sci- confirming general relativi- entific review committee of the ty that made Einstein transi- Intel Philippine Science Fair / tion from a scientific star to a DepEd National Science and charismatic world figure and Technology Fair from 2000 to cultural icon. The press cov- 2015. erage turned Einstein into an icon of a “new physics” that Prof. Esguerra has published twenty papers in journals cov- was overturning established ered by the Thomson-Reuters/ notions of space, time, mat- Science Citation Index, in re- ose Perico “Perry” Esguerra is ter, and energy, and also into J search areas such as fraction- the Coordinator of the Theoret- a symbol of intellect at the al quantum mechanics, gen- ical Physics Group and a Profes- highest level. Later, the press eral relativity, random walks, sor of Physics in the National will also report on Einstein’s diffusion, Brownian motion, Institute of Physics in UP Dili- first-passage time problems, concerns on pacifism, the man. He was the President of statistical mechanics, nonlin- Jewish question, racial dis- the Samahang Pisika ng Pilipi- ear time-series analysis, and crimination, nuclear disar- nas from 2009 to 2010, and has self-gravitating systems.