CA MBRIDGE C O U NTY GEOGRA P H IES l : . U I L L E M A R I) M A ra M . D . G e n e G . Ed itor F H H , , E A ST L O N DO N C A MB R I D GE U NI V E R S I TY P R E S S R N E . fl o nh o u : F E TTE L A E , C Y M N E R C F . G . CLA , A A QE t o o P R I NC E S S TR E E T h in hm g b : , H E R A ND S C . B er l in : A . A O F B R K H iLcimi g : . A . OC AU S P P U TN M ’S S O NS fil t h) 35 m : G . A 'I M C M I L L AN A ND T D l l : CO . L . B umb a g a n!) L a r u t a A , A l l r i g/1 1s r es u med ’ Ca m ér zdg e C o u n ty Geog r a ph er E A S T L O N D O N F B O SW RTH G . O . , Wi t h M a s a n d Il l u s t r a t io n s p , D iagrams C a m b r idg e a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s CO NTE NTS PAG E o u n t Th o u n t . C y and S h i re . e C y of London T h e “ r / O M 0 d La m o n . Its rigin and eaning General C h aracteristics . Position and Nat u ral Con i W h d t io n s . y L ondon is o u r capital o f G r o w t h . Size . Bo u ndaries . Develop m ent . History London of t h e Ro m ans , of t h e Saxons , of t h e M Nor m ans . edieval London . St u art London O London Parks , Co m m ons , and pen Spaces i n t h e Nort h - east and So u t h - east T h e River T h a m es . T h e Lea . T h e Ravensbo u rne . T h e B ridges and T u nnels Rivers of t h e Past—T h e Fleet and t h e Wal brook — T h e Water - S u ppl y of London Past and Present Geology Nat u ral History R O Cli m ate and ai nfall . G reenwic h bservatory and its Work — People Race . Dialect . Settle m ents . Pop u lation I nd u stries and M an u fact u res Trade and t h e Gilds . T h e City Co m panies . T h e M ar k ets vi CONTENTS PAG E T h e C u sto m s and t h e C u sto m Ho u se . T h e Exc h an g es . T h e Bank of England . T h e Royal M i nt — T h e Port of London T h e Docks . S h ippin g . S h ip b u ilding History - Antiq u ities Pre h istoric , Ro m an , Saxon — a M . Arc h itect u re . ( ) Ecclesiastical edieval C h u rc h es W ren ’s City C h u rc h es — ’ b t Arc h itect u re . ( ) Eccles iastical S Pa u l s Cat h edral c - Arc h itect u re . ( )Ecclesiastical T h e Religio u s Ho u ses — W dl M . Arc h itect u re . ( ilitary T h e alls and Gates T h e Tower — 6 Arc h itect u re . ( ) Do m estic Palaces , Ho u ses , Halls of City Co m panies — Co m m u nications Ancient and Modern . T h e T h a m es for m erly t h e Nor m al Hig h way of London . T h e T h a m es Water m en — Ad m i nistration and Divisions Ancient and Modern . T h e City Corporation . T h e London Co u nty Co u nci l — P u blic B u ildings Legal . Ad m i nistrative . Hospitals Ed u cation Pri m ary , Secondary , and Tec h nical . Fo u ndation and Collegiate Sc h ools . T h e U niversity of London 2 1 ! R oll of Hono u r T h e City of London and t h e Boro u g h s in t h e Nort h -east and So u t h - east of t h e Co u nty of London Area and Pop u lation l n de x IL L U STRATIO NS Entrance to London at M ile End i n t h e Eig h teent h Cent u ry T h e Ar m s , Crest , and S u pporters of t h e City of London T h e E m bank m ent looking Citywards fro m C h ari ng Cross Ancient London and its S u rro u nding Mars h es Plan o f t h e City of London s h owing t h e Wards A View of London as it appea red before t h e dreadfu l Fi re i n 1 666 View i n Eppi ng Forest T h e Lake , D u lwic h Park 1 8 1 Fair on t h e T h a m es , Febr u ary 4 Blackfriars Bridge T h e Po o l and London Bridge L 1 ondon Bridge , 7 5 7 B 1 8 London ridge , 7 4 T h e Tower Bridge . T h e Strea m s o f Ancient London C l i s s o l d T h e New River , Park T h e London Basi n . Bo s t a l l T h e Pi nes , Wood , Pl u m stead Sea G u lls on t h e E m bank m ent ’ C a n o n b u r ( ee n y Tower , one of b El izabet h s h u nti n g seats Greenwic h O bservatory T h e 3 0 - i nc h Re flector at G r e e n u ic h vi i i ILLUSTRATIONS Spit a l fi el ds Great Synagog u e ’ - s S i t a l fi el ds Silk weavers Ho u se i n C h u rc h Street , p Ca m bridge U niver s ity Pre s s W are h o u se Pri nti ng - m ac h ine i n 7 73 6 Ti m es Offi ce s Royal Ar enal , Woolwic h ’ Golds m it h s Hall : t h e Grand Staircase Sm i t h fi e l d Meat Market . T h e C u sto m Ho u s e T h e Ro yal Exc h ange T h e Bank of England T h e Royal M int East India Docks Royal Victoria Dock s Staple I nn , Holborn T h e Mon u m ent ’ Palaeolit h ic Flint I m ple m ent fo u nd i n Gray s I nn Road . Ena m elled B ronze S h ield London Stone , Cannon Street ’ G il es s St , Cripplegate ’ s T h e Nave , St Savio u r Cat h edral West m inster Abbey ’ St Savio u r s Cat h edral , So u t h wark ’ St Du n s t a n s - i n - t h e - East St Cle m ent Danes ’ St Step h en s , Walbrook St Pa u l ’s Cat h edral fro m t h e S W ’ — St Pa u l s Cat h edral We s t front T h e Nelson Mon u m ent Pa u l ’s Cross T h e Te m ple C h u rc h B a Sm it h fie l d St art h olo m ew t h e Gre t , I nterior of St Bart h olo m ew t h e G reat P lan of O l d London : s h owi ng t h e Wall and G ates ILLUSTRATI ONS i x PAG E L W a l l Re m ains of ondon near Postern Row , Tower i n I 8 1 8 T h e Gates of London T h e Gates of London and Te m ple Bar ’ St Jo h n s Gate , Clerkenwel l T h e To n e r of London T h e W h ite Tower Si r T h o m as More G r ee n n ic h Hospital ’ Ba y n a r d s Castle Sir Pa u l Pindar ’s Ho u se Crosby Hall ’ Pri nce Henry s Palace , Fleet Street London and West m i nster Ro m an Roads i n Ancient London T h e Water Gate , E m bank m ent Gardens London Bridge ’ Traitors Gate , Tower of London Liverpool Street Station Fleet Street , looking East T h e Mansion Ho u se Desi g n for London Co u nty Co u nci l O fii c e s M iddle Te m ple Hal l T h e G u ild h all T h e General Post O ffi ce St Bart h olo m ew ’s Hospital C h arter h o u se D u lwic h College City of London Sc h ool C h arles George G ordon ’ M Stow s on u m ent , St Andrew U nders h aft C h a u cer Jo h n M ilton x ILLUSTRATI ONS Sa m u el Pepy s Daniel Defoe Dr Jo h nson ’ Dr Jo h n s on s seat at t h e C h es h ire C h eese ’ 1 Dr Jo h nson s Ho u se , 7 , Go u g h Sq u are Ch a r l e s La m b W ill ia m Hogart h T h o m as Rowlandson George Cr u iks h ank Brooke Ho u se , Clapton , Garden front ’ s Gower To m b , So u t h wark Cat h edral Diagra m s MAPS East London , Topograp h ical Geological Rai nfall Map of England s .