n e it mit II him ED 030 634 TE 001 220 By -Horn. Thomas D.; Ebert. Dorothy J. Books for the Partially Sighted Child. National Council of Teachers of English. Champaign. Ill. Pub Date I653 Note-81p.. Reprinted from 'Elementary English." Available from-National Council of Teachers of English.. 508 South Sixth Steeet. Champaign. In.61826 (Stock No. 42304. HC $1.00) EDRS Price MF -$OSO HC Not Available from EDRS. Descriptors -*Annotated Bibliographies. .Bibliographies. ChildrensBooks. Elementary Education. English .Instruction. Literature. Reading Difficulty. *Reading Materials. *Visually Handicapped . This annotated bibliography of books selected according to typography. typeof illustration, and literary worth is intended to meet the need for a high-interest sUpplementary reading list for partial4 sighted children in grades 1.-S.The books are divided into three .sectionsnon fiction. fiction. and easy books--and aregrouped according to subject areas. Notations include information about price, type size. type face. leading. and approximate grade level. (MP) 1 Oyez, , !!!,!: REPRINTED FROA ELEMENTI470 EN(fti31-: o R 1/ VT @t1 1,11'11 6 11(I cf2.1 v,i, °c4a7---t(i7d'hc-fruf'S') '0 11 th Ch2rn fiU -Jr 4/, P Reprinted from Elementary English THOMAS D. HORN and DOROTHY J. EBERT "PERMISSIONTO REPRODUCE THIS COPYR IGHTED MATERIAL BY MICROFICHEALUIAMMTED Books for the BY NC 7-4 a2 TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION. Partially SightedChildFURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER." Foreword type family such as Bodoni, Baskerville, The need for suitable, high-interestsup-Century, or Caslon, toname only a few. plementary reading for the partially-sightedThese are names of type faces andsome of child is *idely recognized. During thecom-them are distinguished old familynames pilation of the attached list, several otherwith very interesting histories.In each type efforts to meet this needwere discovered.face (or family) theremay be many different The most comprehensive and up-to-datebranchessome are bold,some light, some listing uncovered at the time of thepresentextended, some condensed. Suchterminol- search was the "Chicago Public Schoolsogy is used in the graphic arts to describe Reading for the Partially Seeing."1 a type face. In this listing of booksan at- There are a number of criteria whichtempt was made to describe ina general were considered in choosing booksappro-way the type face for each volume. priate for use by the partially-sighted child. boldfaceCharactersappear unusually A brief explanation of the specific criteria bold, black, with goodcontrast 'and used to appraise the books includedin this width, easier to read. list follows: lightfaceCharactersappear unusually Typography: light, thin, delicatenotas much con- Three general considerations regarding trast, not as easy to read. typography were applied to the booksex- sans serifMost text type or body type is aminedtype size, type face, and leading designed with serifsfinecross strokes (pronounced like "heading"). at the top and bottom of each of the Type face: A type face isa specific design individual letters. Sans seriftype faces given to each individual character which are type faces designed without these marks it as belonging toa particular type fine cross strokes. The effect ofthe "family." All characters bearing thesame latter is rather bold with goodcontrast design are grouped byname in a certain and simplicity of line, making itespe- cially well suited for the partially 'Evelyn F. Carlson and Associates. "Chicago Public sighted. Schools Reading for the Partially Seeing,"revised, May 1982. Available from Dr. MiriamPeterson, Type size: Besides having definite char- Director, Division of Libraries, ChicagoPublic acteristics of appearance, each type face is Schools, 228 N. LaSalle Street, Chicago 1, Illinois. available in a number of standardtype Dr. Hort? is Chairman of the Department ofCur- sizes. Type size is measured in "points" and riculum and Instruction, College of Education,The a point is defined as 1/42 of an inch with 12 University of Texas, Austin. Mrs. Ebertwas a Re-points equal to one pica,or 1/4 of an inch. search Assistant in the College of Educationand is now teaching in the Austin Public Schools. A given point size is the preciseamount of vertical space occupied bya complete lhie U.S. DEPARTMENT-OF RAUH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE Of EDUCATION ThIS DOCUMENT HAS MN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE \ PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING 11.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS' STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OfFICE Of EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. , 2 ELEMENTARY ENGLISH of type. But, this measurement includes notreduce the original imprint to almost any only the type face that appears on thedesired size. These are only a few of the printed page but the shoulder of the typeconfusing "facts of type" that make accurate as well. The shoulder is an extensionoftype measurement very difficult to deter- metal which is a part of the actual type andmine by merely examining the finished provides for some spacing between eachproduct. For these and other reasons, then, line of type (see Fig. 1). The wide use ofthe type sizes included in this listing are offset lithography in the printing of booksonly approximations at best but may be today has added much to the confusion ofuseful in giving general guidance to the type size measurement. In this method ofteacher who seeksappropriatesupple- printing, the copy, or printed page, is re-mentary reading materials for the partially- produced by means of the photographicsighted child. No book is listed with type process so that it is possible to enlarge orsmaller than 14 point. Point Size Feet ( Nick FIGURE 1. A single character of Foundry (hand set) Type, greatly enlarged, showing the various parts of the type. Leading: In addition to the type face andto type size. When type is set by a linotype size, another consideration is the space al-machine, as is almost all text or body type lowed between the lines of type. Manyfor modern books, the type emerges from people who work with the partially seeingthe machine a line-of-type at a timeone report this to be of almost equal importancesolid piece of metal called a "slug." The BOOKS FOR THE PARTIALLY SIGHTED CHILD 3 slug may be only slightly wider than the crayon or pencil drawingwhen the effect height of the type or it may be deliberately was shaded in tone and definitely softer made wider to provide extra space between (either in color or black and white), one the lines of print. For example, a book may of these terms was used. be set in ten point Bodoni bold type on a wash drawingany illustrationwhich twelve point slug. This means the type size used the wash technique, taking the is ten point, the type face is Bodoni bold- solid black of India ink and washing it face, but the slug (or actual line-of-type) with water to produce a shaded effect is twelve points in height. In other words, of black to grey tones. Includes those an extra two points of leading have been reproduced in color tones when they added beneath the actual type face to allow showed definite wash techniques. more space between the lines of type ap- sketchfine lines,indefinite form and pearing on the page. In addition to leading shape, having the effect of sketchiness in this manner, directly from the linotype rather than bold outline. machine, workers in the composing room full co/ordrawings or paintings using a where the type slugs are assembled into full range of colorsfour color process galley or page form may also insert thin is the term used in the graphic arts. strips of metal called "leads" between the duotonetwo-color drawings or sketches, lines of type to provide even wider leading usually the main outlines are done in (spacing). Before the wide use of machine- black with highlights or shadings done set type, all type was set by hand, one letter in a color tint. The term is not used in at a time, and all leading was done in this its precise graphic arts meaning but way. The following terms are used to de- is used generally to describe two-color scribe the leading found in the books on drawings where the colors are blended. this list: detailedone of the weaknesses in much slightly leadeda minimum of 2-3 points printed material for the partially see- space between the lines as is provided ing is the too-cluttered or too-finely- in most books. detailed illustration which some other- well leadedfrom 3 to 6 points of leacling wise acceptable books contain. This added' between the lines of type, cre- weakness was so noted in this list since ating a feeling of more space. it may not be so severe a problem to widely leadedthe space between the some children. Books with a great deal lines of type are equal to or wider than offinelydetailedart work were that occupied by the type face itself. omitted. Type of Illustration: Literary Worth: An attempt has been made in a general A sincere attempt has been made to in- way to describe the type of illustrative ma- clude books of above average literary merit. terial found in each book. The followingIn addition to its format, the book's con- terms are most frequently used: tribution to the child's knowledge and line drawinga solid line as contrastedexperience was also considered of primary with a shaded or halftone drawing. importance. It is hoped that only the worth- Includes both pen and ink as well aswhile have been included although, obvi- bold pencil, crayon, or charcoal draw-ously, it has been impossible to include all ings where the lines are clear-cut andof them. Some had to be omitted because provide good contrast.