Research Report 2006/2007 Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Editors: D. Yves von Cramon Angela D. Friederici Wolfgang Prinz Robert Turner Arno Villringer Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Stephanstrasse 1a · D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Phone +49 (0) 341 9940-00 Fax +49 (0) 341 9940-104 [email protected] · www.cbs.mpg.de Editing: Christina Schröder Layout: Andrea Gast-Sandmann Photographs: Nikolaus Brade, Berlin David Ausserhofer, Berlin (John-Dylan Haynes) Martin Jehnichen, Leipzig (Angela D. Friederici) Norbert Michalke, Berlin (Ina Bornkessel) Print: Druckerei - Werbezentrum Bechmann, Leipzig Leipzig, November 2007 Research Report 2006/2007 The photograph on this page was taken in summer 2007, During the past two years, the Institute has resembled a depicting the building works at our Institute. It makes the building site not only from the outside, but also with re- point that much of our work during the past two years gard to its research profile. On the one hand, D. Yves von has been conducted, quite literally, beside a building site. Cramon has shifted the focus of his work from Leipzig Happily, this essential work, laying the foundations for to the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research in our future research, has not interfered with our scientific Cologne. On the other hand, we successfully concluded progress. two new appointments. Since October 2006, Robert Turner has been working at the Institute as Director There were two phases of construction. The first results of the newly founded Department of Neurophysics, from the merger of both Institutes and will accommo- which has already established itself at international lev- date two new Departments including offices and multi- el. In November 2007, Arno Villringer became Director function laboratories (see right hand side of the photo- at our Institute, taking over the leadership of the graph). We currently expect to be able to move into the Department of Cognitive Neurology and the supervision new extension building in autumn 2008, which will mark of the University Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology. For the end of the building work and the provisional room 2008/2009, two more appointments focusing on differ- arrangements with which we have now been living for ent domains of cognition are planned; an appointment some time. The second phase of building works saw the committee has been formed by the Max Planck Section completion of the NMR building for the Institute‘s new of Social Sciences and Humanities and has taken up work 7 Tesla scanner. Although cosmetic finishing touches re- in September 2007. main to be applied to the front of the building (see right bottom side of the picture), the scanner has been up and running since September 2007. On a smaller scale, new research groups are coming and another one on Body and Self (headed by Simone and going, too. While the Independent Junior Research Schütz-Bosbach). Besides the work of Independent Junior Group on the Neurocognition of Music has gradually re- Research Groups, this report also covers research by the duced its activity now that its head, Stefan Koelsch, has Max Planck Fellow Group on Attention and Awareness accepted a position abroad, two new groups have come headed by John-Dylan Haynes. into existence and are already starting their research: one on Music Cognition and Action (headed by Peter Keller) D. Yves von Cramon Angela D. Friederici Wolfgang Prinz Robert Turner Arno Villringer Preface Introductory Remarks 4 Table of Contents 6 Scientific Members Scientific Members 8 and Boards Scientific Advisory Board & Board of Trustees 9 Department of Cognitive Neurology: Research Reports 10 Functional Neuroanatomy Appendix: of the Frontal Lobe Scientific and Professional Activities 35 Department of Neuropsychology: Research Reports 44 Neurocognition Appendix: of Language Scientific and Professional Activities 78 Department of Psychology: Research Reports 86 Cognition and Action Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 112 Department of Neurophysics: Research Reports 122 Mapping Brain Structures Appendix: Using MRI Techniques Scientific and Professional Activities 141 Research Groups Independent Junior Research Group “Neurocognition of Music” Research Reports 146 Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 153 Independent Junior Research Group “Neurotypology” Research Reports 155 Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 162 Independent Research Group “Attention and Awareness“ Research Reports 164 Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 170 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research and Research Reports 176 Development Units Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 181 Mathematical Methods in fMRI Research Reports 183 Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 188 MEG and EEG: Signal Analysis and Modeling Research Reports 190 Appendix: Scientific and Professional Activities 198 201 Service Units 204 Index of Names Scientific Members and Boards Directors Professor Dr. D. Yves von Cramon Professor Dr. Angela D. Friederici Professor Dr. Wolfgang Prinz Professor Dr. Robert Turner Professor Dr. Arno Villringer External Scientific Members Professor Dr. Dietrich Dörner Institute of Theoretical Psychology, University of Bamberg, Germany Professor Dr. James V. Haxby Center of the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior (CSBMB), Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Max Planck Research Fellow Professor Dr. Hans-Jochen Heinze Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany 8 Scientific Members and Boards Scientific Advisory Board Professor Dr. Murray Grossman Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, PA, USA Professor Dr. Patrick Haggard Institute of Cognitive Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom Professor Dr. Robert T. Knight Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Professor Dr. Asher Koriat Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Israel Professor Dr. Peter Morris Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom Professor Dr. Daniela Perani Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Professor Dr. Lawrence Wald Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA Board of Trustees Hans Fehringer Managing Director, Deutsche Bundesbank, Branch Chemnitz, Germany Professor Dr. Franz Häuser Rektor, University of Leipzig, Germany Professor Dr. Udo Reiter General Director, Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, Leipzig, Germany 9 Prof. Dr. D. Yves von Cramon Director Functional Neuroanatomy of the 1 Frontal Lobe Department of Cognitive Neurology Studying the cognitive functions of the frontal lobe is a challenging under- taking. The work group “Functional Neuroanatomy of the Frontal Lobe” en- gages in this venture, aiming at a functional exploration of the various facets of this brain region in both healthy subjects and neurological patients. The underlying motivation guiding the group’s endeavours is to integrate indi- vidual findings into a unified functional framework. Of the two projects that have investigated social interaction, one aimed to decompose the neuronal network underlying higher order intentionality (1.1.1), while the other focused on intertemporal decision making for oneself as compared to others (1.1.2). In contrast to many laboratory implementations of decision making, daily life often requires intuitive decisions, which draw particularly on orbitofrontal structures (1.1.3), and choices which are only par- tially determined by ourselves (1.1.4). However, before deciding what to do, we first have to decide whether to engage in an action or to refrain from it (1.1.5). While the dorsal frontomedian cortex plays a role in the intentional inhibition of action, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the inferior frontal junction area induced disturbances in task set formation during a task switching paradigm (1.1.6). However, even when we know what we want to do, we often make errors due to time constraints. Awareness of making errors was found to modulate insular activity reflecting autonomic reactions, whereas posterior frontomedi- an regions remained unmodulated (1.1.7). Interestingly, individual differences in such performance monitoring can be related to a genetic polymorphism associated with variable dopamine receptor density. Indeed, genetic differ- ences were found to have a significant impact on the ability to learn from errors (1.1.8). The vital role of becoming aware of our own errors is to trigger adaptive behavior. The same applies for unexpected events which we ob- serve but do not initiate ourselves. Indeed, the neural correlates of expec- tancy violation were found to be heavily dependent on the specific nature of Functional Neuroanatomy of the Frontal Lobe expectations (1.1.9). Such findings indicate a critical role its relation to neurovascular coupling impairments using played by the premotor system in rule-based predictive functional near-infrared spectroscopy in patients suffer- contexts, which is in line with a new framework that pro- ing from cerebral microangiopathy (1.2.2). Another study poses to generalize a predictive account of the motor sys- used a switching paradigm together with a Stroop task tem from action to event perception (1.1.10). Pointing to- and demonstrated increased distractibility and/or fre-