REPORT ON THE INVASIVE SPECIES COMPONENT OF THE MEDA’s, TDA & SAP FOR THE ASCLME PROJECT Adnan Awad Consultant Cape Town, South Africa 1 Table of Contents PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 3 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Scope of Project ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Project Objectives ......................................................................................................... 4 2. REVISIONS & ADDITIONS TO THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 5 3. METHODS ............................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Desktop Review ............................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Recommendations & Guidelines .................................................................................... 6 3.3 Training......................................................................................................................... 6 PART II: DESK TOP STUDY OF RELEVANT ACTIVITIES & INFORMATION FOR MEDA/TDA/SAP ......... 7 4. BASELINE INFORMATION ON MARINE INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES IN THE REGION ....................................... 7 4.1 Invasive & Alien Species ................................................................................................ 7 4.2 National IAS and HAB Records ....................................................................................... 7 4.2.1 Comoros ................................................................................................................ 8 4.2.2 Kenya .................................................................................................................... 8 4.2.3 Madagascar ........................................................................................................... 9 4.2.4 Mauritius ............................................................................................................. 10 4.2.5 Mozambique ....................................................................................................... 10 4.2.6 Seychelles ............................................................................................................ 10 4.2.7 Somalia ............................................................................................................... 11 4.2.8 South Africa ......................................................................................................... 11 4.2.9 Tanzania .............................................................................................................. 12 4.3 Generation of Species lists .......................................................................................... 13 5. REVIEW OF HAB EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION ............................................................... 14 5.1 HAB’s in Kenya and Somalia ........................................................................................ 17 5.2 HAB’s in Mauritius and Rodrigues ................................................................................ 18 5.3 HAB’s in South Africa................................................................................................... 18 5.4 HAB’s in Tanzania ........................................................................................................ 19 6. INVASIVE SPECIES CONTINGENCY PLANNING ............................................................................... 19 7. RELEVANT INSTITUTIONS & ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION ................................................................... 20 8. GOVERNANCE , POLICY & LEGAL PROVISIONS RELATED TO INVASIVE SPECIES ....................................... 22 8.1 International Frameworks ........................................................................................... 22 8.1.1 UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982 .......................................... 23 8.1.2 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ............................................................. 24 8.1.3 IMO Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention, 2004 .................................. 27 8.1.4 Nairobi Convention .............................................................................................. 29 8.2 National Provisions & Progress .................................................................................... 30 8.2.1 Comoros .............................................................................................................. 31 8.2.2 Kenya .................................................................................................................. 34 8.2.3 Madagascar ......................................................................................................... 36 8.2.4 Mauritius ............................................................................................................. 38 8.2.5 Mozambique ....................................................................................................... 39 8.2.6 Seychelles ............................................................................................................ 40 2 8.2.7 Somalia ............................................................................................................... 41 8.2.8 South Africa ......................................................................................................... 42 8.2.9 Tanzania .............................................................................................................. 43 9. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS FROM DESKTOP REVIEW ......................................................................... 44 PART III: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTEGRATION INTO PARTNERSHIP NETWORK ...................... 44 10. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 44 10.1 Regional Marine IAS MoU between Key Partners ..................................................... 45 10.2 Technical Training Programme ................................................................................. 45 10.3 Survey & Monitoring Programme ............................................................................ 46 10.4 Regional Ballast Water Strategy & Action Plan ......................................................... 46 10.5 Science to Governance Forum & WIO Alliance ......................................................... 47 11. IMO-GBP ........................................................................................................................ 48 11.1 Progress to date ...................................................................................................... 48 11.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 49 12. IOI/GISP .......................................................................................................................... 49 13. GEOHAB & THE IOC-UNESCO HAB PROGRAMME ................................................................... 50 14. PENA F/PMAESA .............................................................................................................. 50 PART IV: GUIDELINES FOR LEGAL, POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ......................................... 51 15. GENERAL GOAL OF APPROACH AND GUIDELINES .......................................................................... 51 16. SOCIO -POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................... 52 16.1 Assessing the Costs & Benefits ................................................................................. 52 16.2 Ensuring Stakeholder Involvement .......................................................................... 53 17. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................. 54 17.1 Evaluating Risk ........................................................................................................ 55 17.2 Monitoring of Invasions ........................................................................................... 55 17.3 Legal, Policy & Institutional Aspects ......................................................................... 56 17.4 Building Capacity & Training .................................................................................... 56 PART V: REGIONAL TRAINING & WORKSHOP .............................................................................. 57 18. REGIONAL TRAINING IN MAURITIUS ......................................................................................... 57 19. PROPOSED REGIONAL WORKSHOP ........................................................................................... 59 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 60 ANNEX I SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................ 64 ANNEX II REGIONAL INTRODUCED SPECIES LIST .....................................................................