CIS 2014-11 Commuting in London July 2014 The 2011 Census recorded the place of work and method of travel to work of all respondents aged 16 or over. The Special Workplace Statistics dataset provides information on travel to work flows and the characteristics of workers based on where they live (origin) and where they work (destination). This summary document provides an overview of commuting in London and is based on the first origin- destination outputs from the 2011 Census which were released on 25th July, 2014. Key Findings Net commuting inflow from the rest of England and Wales to London was 519,000 in 2011 up seven per cent since 2001. Both inflows and outflows were higher than in 2001: inflows rose nine per cent to 790,000 while outflows rose 15 per cent to 271,000. Within London, more than two million persons worked in a different local authority to their residence. Nearly 400,000 workers commuted into Westminster from the rest of London, while 115,000 commuted out of Wandsworth to the rest of London. The largest single cross-border flow was 29,100 from Wandsworth to Westminster. Twenty-four local authorities outside London had 10,000 or more London commuters. Dartford replaced Slough as the top destination for commuters from London. 356,500 people commuted to jobs in the City of London. 40 per cent from inner London, 29 per cent from outer London, 31 per cent from outside London 558,900 people commuted to jobs in Westminster. 46 per cent from inner London, 32 per cent from outer London, 23 per cent from outside London 103,500 people commuted to jobs in Canary Wharf. 44 per cent from inner London, 30 per cent from outer London, 26 per cent from outside London Those workers who lived outside London and commuted to City, Westminster or Canary Wharf were most likely to live in either Surrey (14 per cent), Essex (17 per cent) or Hertfordshire (14 per cent) GLA Intelligence 1 Commuting in London Commuting in London In 2011, there were 4.50 million persons in work in London an increase of 690,000, some 18 per cent compared to 2001. Some 790,000 workers commuted into London from the rest of England and Wales while 271,000 London residents worked outside the capital. Table 1: Commuting flows in and out of London 1991 to 2011, thousands 1991 2001 2011 Per cent increase 2001 to 2011 Workers commuting into London from outside 673 722 790 9% Workers commuting out of London to rest of England and Wales 150 236 271 15% Net commuting into London 523 486 519 7% Source Census tables: 1991 L06, 2001 TT010, 2011 WU01EW Both inflows and outflows were higher than in 2001. Net inflow rose seven per cent to 519,000, a similar level to 20 years earlier. Figure 1: Net flow for districts in London GLA Intelligence 2 Commuting in London Commuting within London by London local authority Commuter flows within London were much larger than flows across the London boundary with over two million Londoners working in a different London local authority to their residence. Figure 2 shows that nearly 400,000 workers (397,000) commuted into Westminster from the rest of London, more than three times as many as commuted from outside London. The City of London received 243,000 commuters from the rest of London while Camden, Tower Hamlets, Southwark and Islington each received over 100,000. The largest commuter inflow to an outer London borough was 49,000 into Ealing. Figure 3 shows that the boroughs with the largest commuter outflows to other London boroughs were the contiguous inner London boroughs of Wandsworth with 115,000, Lambeth with 109,000 and Southwark with 90,000. The outer London borough of Ealing came next with an outflow of 85,000 to the rest of London. The largest individual commuter flows between London local authorities were into Westminster and City from the neighbouring boroughs of Wandsworth, Lambeth Tower Hamlets and Southwark. The largest flows to outer London boroughs were 12,000 from Hounslow to Hillingdon, 11,700 from Ealing to Hillingdon,10,800 from Bexley to Greenwich and 10,400 from Ealing to Hounslow. GLA Intelligence 3 Commuting in London Figure 2: Commuting inflows within London by London Local Authority Westminster City of London Camden Tower Hamlets Islington Southwark Kensington and Chelsea Hammersmith and… Lambeth Wandsworth Ealing Hackney Hounslow Hillingdon Brent Newham Barnet Haringey Greenwich Merton Lewisham Bromley Richmond upon Thames Croydon Enfield Waltham Forest Redbridge Kingston upon Thames Barking and Dagenham Harrow Sutton Havering Bexley 0 100 200 300 400 Thousands Source: 2011Census table WU01EW GLA Intelligence 4 Commuting in London Figure 3: Commuting outflows within London by London Local Authority Wandsworth Lambeth Southwark Ealing Lewisham Barnet Brent Haringey Croydon Hackney Newham Bromley Redbridge Islington Tower Hamlets Waltham Forest Greenwich Enfield Hammersmith and… Merton Camden Hounslow Harrow Bexley Richmond upon Thames Westminster Kensington and Chelsea Havering Hillingdon Sutton Barking and Dagenham Kingston upon Thames City of London 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Thousands Source: 2011Census table WU01EW GLA Intelligence 5 Commuting in London Commuting into London by London local authority The vast majority of commuters both into and out of London came from the neighbouring South East and East regions. Half of all in-commuters, 404,000, came from the South East and nearly four in ten, 308,000, came from the East region, the remainder of the English regions and Wales together accounted for 78,000 or a tenth of London’s commuters. Figure 4: Commuting inflows from outside London by London Local Authority Westminster City of London Camden Hillingdon Tower Hamlets Southwark Islington Hounslow Enfield Barnet Lambeth Havering Kingston upon Thames Hammersmith and Fulham Bexley Ealing Bromley Croydon Kensington and Chelsea Richmond upon Thames Sutton Hackney Newham Brent Wandsworth Harrow Barking and Dagenham Redbridge Greenwich Merton Waltham Forest Haringey Lewisham 0 20406080100120140 Thousands East South East Rest of EW Westminster had the largest inflow 127,000, followed by City with 112,000. Camden, Hillingdon and Tower Hamlets received around 50,000 commuters each from outside London. As would be expected, authorities GLA Intelligence 6 Commuting in London to the east of London tended to attract more commuters from the East region and those to the west relatively more from the South East. Hillingdon had more commuters from the South East region (37,200) than any London local authority except Westminster and City (68,100 and 48,400 respectively). City had the most commuters from the East region (55,700) followed by Westminster (42,200), Tower Hamlets (25,800) and Camden (23,300). Figure 5: Regions in England & Wales to London Top local authorities commuting into London Table 2 gives the 24 local authorities that had 10,000 or more commuters into London in 2011. Epping Forest had most commuters in 2011 at 25,900, although this was slightly down on the 2001 figure of 26,200. The authorities that showed the biggest increase in commuters were Thurrock (up 2,600 to 22,100) and Dartford (up 2,500 to 19,100). The top source of commuters outside South East and East regions was Wiltshire unitary authority with 3,700 working in London. GLA Intelligence 7 Commuting in London Table 2: Local authorities with over 10,000 commuters into London in 2011 Rank Local authority 2011 2001 change 2001 rank 1 Epping Forest 25,900 26,200 -300 1 2 Elmbridge 23,800 22,300 1,500 2 3 Thurrock 22,100 19,500 2,600 3 4 Dartford 19,100 16,700 2,500 9 5 Sevenoaks 18,400 17,400 1,000 7 6 Spelthorne 18,000 18,200 -200 5 7 Hertsmere 18,000 17,100 900 8 8 Basildon 17,800 18,300 -500 4 9 Reigate and Banstead 17,500 16,000 1,500 10 10 Medway 17,300 17,600 -300 6 11 St Albans 16,600 14,600 2,000 12 12 Epsom and Ewell 15,800 14,300 1,500 13 13 Broxbourne 14,400 14,800 -400 11 14 Chelmsford 14,100 13,900 100 14 15 Slough 13,200 10,900 2,300 19 16 Three Rivers 13,100 12,100 1,000 16 17 East Hertfordshire 12,800 11,500 1,300 18 18 Brentwood 12,800 11,700 1,100 17 19 Tandridge 12,500 12,400 100 15 20 Southend-on-Sea 12,400 10,500 1,900 21 21 Watford 11,700 9,300 2,400 23 22 Windsor and Maidenhead 11,100 10,700 400 20 23 Gravesham 10,300 9,800 500 22 24 Dacorum 10,200 9,200 1,000 24 Source: 2011Census table WU01EW GLA Intelligence 8 Commuting in London Figure 6: Districts to London Top areas for commuting out of London Over half of all commuters out of London, some 151,500, worked in the South East region. A third, 92,400, worked in the East region while a tenth, 27,200, worked in the rest of England and Wales. Table 3 gives the 19 local authorities that received 5,000 or more commuters from London in 2011, including four that each had flows from London of over 10,000. Dartford received most commuters, 11,700, up 2,100 since 2001. Slough, second with 11,100 was the top destination in 2001. The authorities that showed the biggest increase in commuters were Thurrock (up 2,800 to 8,200) and Epping Forest (up 2,700 to 9,800). GLA Intelligence 9 Commuting in London Table 3: Local authorities that received 5,000 or commuters from London in 2011 Rank Local authority 2011 2001 change 2001 rank 1 Dartford 11,700 9,600 2,100 3 2 Slough 11,100 9,700 1,400 1 3 Reigate and Banstead 10,700 8,600 2,100 6 4 Hertsmere 10,300 9,600 700 2 5 Epping Forest 9,800 7,100 2,700 9 6 Elmbridge 9,400 8,600 900 7 7 Spelthorne 9,200 8,700 500 5 8 Thurrock 8,200 5,400 2,800 12 9 Epsom and Ewell 8,000 7,200 800 8 10 Watford 7,900 6,900 1,000 10 11 Runnymede 7,400