UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID FACULTAD DE DERECHO TESIS DOCTORAL CONSPIRACY. A CONCEPTUAL GENEALOGY (THIRTEENTH TO EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY) Autor Víctor Manuel Saucedo Maqueda Directores Carlos Petit Calvo Jesús Vallejo Fernández de la Reguera Madrid, 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 8 Introducción ................................................................................................................................ 11 Getting Ready for Work ............................................................................................................. 13 The Mystery of Conspiracy ....................................................................................................... 13 Frames ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Prototype Theory ...................................................................................................................... 19 Mappings, Mental Spaces and Blends ...................................................................................... 21 The Law of Conspiracy ............................................................................................................. 31 1. The Historiography of the Law of Conspiracy .................................................................... 33 1.1 The Codification of Conspiracy .......................................................................................... 33 1.1.1 The Trade Unions Issue ............................................................................................... 33 1.1.2 Codification Ideas and Ideals ....................................................................................... 37 1.1.3 The Instrumental Theory of Conspiracy and the Wide Rule ....................................... 44 1.1.3.1 The History of the Wide Rule ............................................................................... 46 1.1.3.2 Special Conspiracies ............................................................................................. 50 1.1.3.3 Restraint of Trade ................................................................................................. 51 1.1.3.4 The Repeal of Conspiracy ..................................................................................... 54 1.1.4 The Attempt Theory of the Law of Conspiracy ........................................................... 55 1.1.4.1 ATTEMPT by Conspiracy .................................................................................... 56 1.1.4.2 The Wider Rule ..................................................................................................... 58 1.2 Conceptual Continuity of the Law of Conspiracy ............................................................... 64 1.3 The Medieval Conspiracy ................................................................................................... 67 1.3.1 The Stationary Thesis: Conspiracies Against the State ............................................... 71 1.4 Superseding Thesis.............................................................................................................. 74 2. Conspiracy in the Middle Ages .............................................................................................. 79 2.1 Legislating the Corruption of Justice ................................................................................. 79 2.1.1 Corruption of Royal Officers ....................................................................................... 79 2.1.2 Corruption of Jurors ..................................................................................................... 81 2.1.3 Barratry and Corruption ............................................................................................... 84 2.1.4 The Ordinance of Conspirators .................................................................................... 87 2.2 The Writ of Conspiracy in Action ....................................................................................... 94 2 2.2.1 Disturbance of Right by Judicial Corruption and Barratry .......................................... 95 2.2.2 Extortion and Wrongdoing by Judicial Corruption and Barratry .............................. 101 2.2.2.1 Extortion ............................................................................................................. 102 2.2.2.2 Wrongdoing ........................................................................................................ 103 2.2.2.3 Disturbance of Right, Extortion and Wrongdoing .............................................. 108 2.2.2.4 Genealogy of the Writ of Conspiracy as Applied to Wrongdoing ...................... 109 2.2.2.5 Wrongful Prosecution and Justification .............................................................. 110 2.2.2.6 Homicide in Will................................................................................................. 116 2.2.3 Sole Defendant ........................................................................................................... 119 2.3 The Definition of Conspirators ......................................................................................... 119 2.3.1 The Trailbaston in Action .......................................................................................... 125 2.3.2 The Articles of the Eyre in Action ............................................................................. 126 2.3.2.1 The Formula De Mutuis Sacramentis ................................................................. 126 2.3.2.2 Malfeasance by Corrupt Officers ........................................................................ 127 2.3.2.3 Barratry ............................................................................................................... 128 2.4 Making Good Friends ....................................................................................................... 132 2.4.1 The Fraternizing Model of Mutual Protection and Aid ............................................. 132 2.4.2 Fraternal Agreement and Litigation ........................................................................... 136 2.4.3 Bastard Feudalism and the Management of Litigation .............................................. 138 2.5 The Narrowing of Conspiracy .......................................................................................... 142 3. The Will for the Deed ........................................................................................................... 145 3.1 Homicide in Coke .............................................................................................................. 146 3.1.1 The Frame of Homicide ............................................................................................. 147 3.1.1.1 Malice Aforethought ........................................................................................... 147 3.1.1.2 Voluntariness ...................................................................................................... 148 3.1.1.3 Sound Memory and Age of Discretion ............................................................... 148 3.1.1.4 Feloniousness ...................................................................................................... 149 3.1.1.5 Consummation .................................................................................................... 149 3.1.2 Structure of the Category of Homicide ...................................................................... 150 3.1.2.1 Manslaughter....................................................................................................... 150 3.1.2.1.1 Chancemedley .............................................................................................. 150 3.1.2.1.2 The Periphery of Manslaughter ................................................................... 151 3.1.2.2 Murder ................................................................................................................. 152 3.1.2.2.1 The Periphery of Murder ............................................................................. 153 Murder by Malice Implied ...................................................................................... 153 Murder of Misfortune ............................................................................................. 153 Murder by Abetment ............................................................................................... 154 Murder by False Accusation ................................................................................... 155 3.1.2.2.2 The Ancient Law of Conspiracy .................................................................. 155 3.2 High Treason in Coke ....................................................................................................... 159 3 3.2.1 Coke’s Analysis of The Treason Act 1351 ................................................................ 159 3.2.2 Attempt Theory of the Treason of Compassing the King’s Death ............................ 161 3.2.2.1 Will as the Intended Effect of the Action ........................................................... 161 3.2.2.2 The Action as Failed Execution .........................................................................