THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LX,.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. LIVY XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV m^( LIYY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN FOURTEEN VOLUMES XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV TRANSLATED BY ALFRED C. SCHLESINGER, Ph.D. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OP CLASSICS IN OBERLIN COLLEGE LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLI Printed in Great Britain V.I3 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE A FULLER report of the text is given in this vohmie than in the immediately preceding volume. The attempt has been made to present all emendations subsequent to the editio pri?iceps ; but a few repeated misspellings of proper names and similarly obvious corrections are not reported. A few of the emenda- tions of the princeps have been included exempli gratia. The apparatus of Giarratano (Titi Livi Ah Urhe Condita Libri XLI-XLF, Rome, 1933) has been constantly consulted, but not always followed. The maps are intended to show the location of all places mentioned in the volume, if the location is known. Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus has been used in preparing these maps ; places not located by Kiepert have a question-mark following the name. Where the name is spelled by Kiepert in a way conspicuously different from the Livy text, the Kiepert spelling will be found in parentheses in the Index. The map of Rome is taken from O. Richter, Topograpkie der Stadt Rom, Miinchen, Beck, 1901 (Iwan MuUer, Handbuch, III, 3), by kind permission of the pub- lishers. Alternative locations for Oaeneum and Draudacum in Illyria are shown, to indicate the conjectural TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE nature of the locations. The following places seemed impossible to locate, even by conjecture : Agravonitae, Illyria Durnium, Illyria Ancyra, Illyria Horreum, Epirus Caravandis, Illyria MarcoHca, Spain Carnuns, Ill}Tia Meleon, Epirus Ceremia, Illyria Minervium, Italy Citium, Mount, Epirus Papinus, Mount, Italy Dassarenses, Illyria Pista, Illyria Dierus, near Mount Selepitani, Illyria Olympus Sicimina, Mount, Italy CONSPECTUS SIGLORUM V = Codex Mndobonensis Lat. 15, s. 5 sive 6. Fr. = editio Frobeniana 1531, ed. Grynaeus. Bas. = editio Basileensis 1535, ed. Beatus Rhenanus, Gelenius. Alfred Cary Schlesinger OherVui College. VI — CONTENTS PAGE translator's preface V boob: xliii 1 summary of book xliii 85 book xliv 89 summary of book xliv 245 BOOK XLV 247 sum:\iary of book xlv 413 index of names 415 MAPS 1. The Mediterranean 2. Illyria and Macedonia 3. Northern Greece 4. Southern Greece and Asia Minor 5. Italy 6. City of Rome vu LIVY FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY BOOK XLIII VOL. XIII. T. LIVI AB URBE CONDITA LIBER XLIII ^ I. Eadem aestate qua in Thessalia haec gesta sunt ^ . ./^ legatus in Illyricuni a consule missus opulenta 2 duo oppida oppugnavit. Ceremiam vi atque * armis coegit in deditionem ; omniaque iis sua concessit, ut opinione clementiae eos, qui Carnuntem, munitani 3 urbem, incolebant, adliceret. Postquam nee ut de- derent se compellere neque capere obsidendo poterat, ne duabus oppugnationibus nequiquam fatigatus miles esset, quam prius intactam urbem reliquerat diripuit. 4 Alter consul C. Cassius nee in Gallia, quam sortitus erat, memorabile quicquam gessit et per Ill}Ticum ducere legiones in Macedoniam vano incepto est 5 conatus. Ingressum hoc iter consulem senatus ex ^ haec gesta sunt Kreyssig : om. V. 2 lacunarti indicavii Sigonius. 3 a consule missus Fr : a cons, omissus V. * oppugnavit. Ceremiam vi atque Weissenborn, Madvig : oppugnaiuiceremiamiuadque V. ^ The name is lost; perhaps it was the ex-consul Gains Claudius (cf. XLII. xlix. 9), since the other ex-consul. Mucins, was made a legatus (XLII. Ixvii. 9, cf. also Iviii. 13). ;; LIVY FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY BOOK XLIII I. During the same summer in which this campaign b.c. i] was fought in Thessaly, the staff-officer . .,^ sent by the consul into Illyricum, besieged two rich cities. Ceremia ^ he compelled by force of arms to surrender and he left to its inhabitants all their possessions, in order by his reputation for clemency ^ to entice the dwellers in the walled city of Carnuns. After he had been unable either to induce them to surrender or to capture them by blockade, in order that his soldiery might not be worn out by two sieges and gain nothing, he plundered the city which he had pre- viously left untouched. Gains Cassius the second consul failed to accomplish anything of note in Gaul,* which had fallen to his lot, and made a vain attempt to lead his legions through Illyricum into Macedonia. The consul's venture on this journey became known to the senate through an ^ The name is uncertain, and is not mentioned elsewhere the location of the town can only be conjectured. ^ The usual practice was to plunder a city which had been stormed, and spare one which surrendered (XXXVII. xxxii. 12). * The active sector of his province of Italy (XLII. xxxii. 4). LI\Tf Aquileiensium leo-atis cognovit, qui querentes coloniam suam novam et infirmani necdum satis munitam inter 6 infestas nationes Histrorum et Illyriorum esse, cum peterent ut senatus curae haberet quomodo ea colonia muniretur, interrog-ati, vellentne earn rem C. Cassio 7 consuli mandari, responderunt Cassium Aquileiam indicto exercitu profectum per Illyricum in Macedo- niam esse.^ Ea res primo incredibilis visa, et pro se quisque credere Carnis forsitan aut Histris helium 8 illatum. Tum Aquileienses : nihil se ultra scire nee audere adfirmare, quam triginta dierum frumentum militi datum et duces qui ex Italia itinera in Macedo- 9 niam nossent conquisitos abductosque. Enimvero senatus indignari tantum consulem ausum, ut suam provinciam relinqueret, in alienam transiret, exer- citum novo periculoso itinere inter exteras gentes ^ duceret, viam tot nationibus in Italiam aperiret.^ 10 Decernunt frequentes ut C. Sulpicius praetor tris ex senatu nominet legatos, qui eo die proficiscantur ex urbe et, quantum adcelerare possint,"* Cassium con- 11 sulem, ubicumque sit, persequantur ; nuntient ne bellum cum ulla gente moveat, nisi cum qua senatus ^ esse Fr : se V. 2 exteras gentes Fr : ceterasgetes F. ^ duceret . aperiret J. F. Gronovius : ducere . aperire V. * possint Madvig : possent V. ^ It had been founded ten years before, of. XL. xxxiv. 2. 2 Cassius would either have had to traverse uninterruptedly mountainous country, as he followed the coast, or to go far inland, approximately to the line of the modern railway to Saloniki, as Philip planned for the Bastamae; but these would have been aided by friendly tribes, whereas Cassius would have been beyond aid. The Romans had always used BOOK XLIII. I. 5-II embassy from Aquileia, which complained that their b.c. 171 colony was new ^ and weak and had been as yet in- sufficiently fortified against the surrounding hostile tribes of Histrians and Illyrians ; on their requesting that the senate should concern itself with means for fortifying this colony, they were asked if they wished this matter to be entrusted to Gains Cassius the consul, but replied that Cassius, having mustered his army at Aquileia, had set out through Illyricum for Macedonia. This report seemed unbelievable at first, and the senators each thought to himself that perhaps a campaign against the Carnians or Histrians had been begun. Then the envoys from Aquileia said that they knew and dared assert nothing more than that thirty days' grain had been issued to the soldiery, and that guides who knew the roads from Italy into Macedonia had been sought out and taken along. Then indeed the senate was incensed that the consul had such effrontery as to leave his own district, trespass upon his colleague's, lead his army by a dangerous, untried route ^ among foreign peoples, and leave open to so many tribes the way into Italy .^ A full senate decreed that the praetor Gains Sulpicius should name three envoys from among the senators, who should that very day set out from the city and with all possible speed overtake the consul Cassius, wherever he might be ; they were to declare to him that he must not engage in war with any people unless the short sea-route from Brundisium to Illyricum and Greece, little as they liked seafaring. ^ The most recent threat from this direction had been in 186-183 B.C., cf. XXXIX. xxii. 6, xlv. 6-7, liv, though the Transalpine Gauls who had moved in near Aquileia had acted peaceably enough. Cf. the plans of Philip for an invasion of Italy by the Bastarnae, XL. Ivii. 5 LIVY 12 gerendum censuerit.^ Legati hi profecti M. Cor- nelius Cethegus, M. Fulvius, P. Marcius Rex. Metus de consule atque exercitu distulit eo tempore muni- endae Aquileiae curam. II. Hispaniae deinde utriusque legati aliquot 2 populorum in senatum - introducti. li de magistra- tuum ^ Romanorum avaritia superbiaque conquesti, nixi genibus ab senatu petierunt ne se socios foedius 3 spoliari vexarique quam hostes * patiantur. Cum et alia indigna quererentur, manifestum autem esset pecunias captas, L. Canuleio praetori, qui Hispaniam sortitus erat, negotium datum est ut in singulos, a quibus Hispani pecunias repeterent, quinos recu- peratores ^ ex ordine senatorio daret patronosque 4 quos vellent sumendi potestatem faceret. Vocatis in curiam legatis recitatum est senatus consultum, 5 iussique nominare patronos. Quattuor nominaver- ^ censuerit /. Perizonius : censuerant V. 2 sena.tnm Sigoni us : senatu V. 3 li de magistratmim Fr : idemmagistratuum V. * hostes Fr : hostiis F. ° recuperatores Fr : recuperarent V. 1 Strictly speaking, both the senate and the people had to approve the undertaTcing of a war ; cf . the condemnations of similar unauthorized foravs in XXXVIII. xlv. 5 and XLI. vii. 7-8. 6 BOOK XLIII. I. ii-ii. 5 the senate had determined on war agamst them.^ b.c.