Liang Qichao's Japan and Research in Learning of the Field National Sang •r<• Bing Zhongshan University Minghui by Hu translated beginning twentieth studies the field of national the of the in From century, • [] learning scholarly (guoxue ) relations world. Japanese China had close with the in • f• N1 important pioneer learning, Liang (1873-1929) Qichao's national As in an career overlapped development learning. Indeed, Liang's the first with of national half of the learning studies in Japanese disconnected from the field of national be this cannot closely, Liang influence. Qichao's However, looked if the of interaction with world at Sinology exchange Japan in much intense less than the academic between China was was general. Sinology Liang's Furthermore, gradually Japan and in Japanese relations with increasing Liang passed. Sinology time Japanese distance This between and apart grew as Liang Studying Japanese resulted effective in when indifference the role died. Japan of in learning Liang's only identify foreign origins research national in enables of the not to us thinking, advantages disadvantages his foreign but also and of the elements. such to assess concerning Liang's There has been academic achievements limitations and controversy a since his time. became The after nebulous death. his It controversy ever own even more significant, though, Liang's is discern for Japan, academic ties this task will be try to to to and future beneficial scholars well. to us as Pioneer and 1. Founder Strictly speaking, Liang's began learning academic the field of national research in following Japan. exile his in four His life divided into itself be the 1898 stages: can Republican early revolution, Reform Movement, the the and his last 1911 and years; era, periods scholarship politics. all four between hovered moved and When he from away politics, Liang scholarship. political closer activities be further His divided to came can moreinvolved political criticism political into involvement and direct The affairs. in in political became, affairs he involved research, the less he academic in and vice was versa. simple. Liang Although of"relying The criticized traditional Chinese habit the reason was authority," nevertheless it writings. how their scholars continued to construct most was on • :• • Liang •, Wanmucaotang When studied the he lectures listened the of such at to •-• l• O((1869-95), [•-• Qianqiu (1858-1927) Kang Youwei and then but as men dialogue. recalled, could only he later in As but could listen them "I could not to engage t• • • ._-•_., ''1 questions. charge Shiwu of in ask the them When he xuetang not any was ideological Liang focused exhortation than academic discussion. "When he more on on scholarly single [though, Liang] from Xunzi discuss attacked scholar did matters, every ''z -•-down through Ming, Qing dynasties Song, the and Tang, with Han, vengeance. a (and mimicry ofKang Youwei's Wanmucaotang This sounds like words from the sentence political Liang's political propaganda). mostly their known for hence students were reputation exceptional only activities. achieve would academic The who was an case • •J •i carefully, Although (1885-1956). his studied with his Yang Yang huda teacher S 3 •,,NI • (1864-1927). scholarship Liang's Dehui turned be like Ye out to enemy, more Liang After of the failure of the Reform forced from the Movement, 1898 center was criticism, escaped point political time, Japan. and this in addition his in From to to power Liang devote had time research. to to more Liang Zunxian Huang 1902, the and of letter In autumn wrote to summer a [] ,• suggesting launching (1848-1905), Guoxuebao the of be called to newspaper a q.• ,1• Ming learning). Liang, (National and elaborated Huang, this task. Their Ma upon [] ]• (guomin ). national citizens should the "nurture We to purpose preserve was ](e•_ [] polish scholarship expand (guocui ) and order national and in the old to up essence bring saying approved Huang idea, of honor it." such words! such "How great to are an stabilize nation he also had However, the basis of such words." We two can our on thought. objections. First, implied grand general refined "the of Guoxuebao and contours project haphazard suggested result, hectic, This Huang be done in manner." As cannot a a they thought learning. history Second, that first national Huang of Chinese compose a incapability insularity that old suffered "China's and rather from than the ways arrogance preserving learning.'" suggested "open they of her thus door that the wide and invite in He knowledge" knowledge and wait for few flourished before until this years a new new learning advocating proposal national succeed, pioneer China. This in but did did it not 4 learning. notion the modem of national Liang's opposition The motivation behind wish Kang Guoxuebao to to create was uphold proposal Youwei's Confucianism increase China's and for Confucius. respect to Liang After the politically Reform Movement, differed Kang and 1898 occasion. one on beginning Liang published jiao At the of 1902, suoyi Kong fei lun" "Bao zun ,!•t • •1• J)fl, (Preserving raising Confucius), Confucianism and China's for respect essay an directly Liang attempted his conflict with in Kang. teacher refine traditional Chinese to learning looking by into histories, Classics the find and for and evidence make respect to •-[- Liang Qichao, zishu" "Sanshi ;• 3•2 (Literary shuju, (Shanghai: Zhonghua Works from Studio) Ice-Drinker's 1916), 44, juan an 26. p. 1• 2 •'¢¢J• • Liang, Qingdai • gailun, Yinbingshi zhuanji (Specialized in xueshu Works from an Studio) Zhonghua (Taibei: shuju, Ice-Drinker's 1927), 6, 62. p. ce • • • • • Shuda, huiyilu See Yang [] (Shanghai: Zhiwei Guji chubanshe, 1986); weng N]• •J• "Xiyuan • [] 7)2 ji" ]g xuewxing •i• (Account Xiyuan), of studies in Siwen 9.9-10 (September-October 1927), 1-35. pp. 4 Bing Sang See g• N •: • • [] IN learning (Western learning Qing studies early and the late national in and • • J:• ]IJ]: Republic), (1996), Lishi 30-40. 5 yanfiu pp. glorious According Liang, Chinese time in Confucius there to unnecessary. was no more period proliferation Warring history period. of this achieved such than the That States a Liang argued thought. that ideas freedom of "the attributed first and be foremost to can precisely the freedom of that believed he in Confucius is Confucius that reason was "5 enhancing for Confucius thought. preserving Confucianism and The idea of respect was critique, accepted Liang replied Kang's time exactly opposite for he the this. When to to a learning starting advocating Huang's proposal by Chinese and focus traditional to not on mentality knowledge by reforming promotion the China's national the of most as new criticizing Confucius, Liang However, the nation. still insisted task urgent to on a save point disagreed. Huang with which even motive•namely, Liang's second national form order in the protect to to essence a citizenry--was experience primarily deriving Japan's idea from with national own an •). •- =]=_ [] (kokusuishugi Liang published national March of the In year, essence same dO • • • • • • J• • •, [] • Zhongguo sixiang bianqian his xueshu dashi" zhi "Lun g)• • J• congbao scholarly thought) (Outlines changes (no. 3), of Chinese in Xinmin on scholarship argued early the in intellectual and he that ideas and the of essay are essence spirit. Liang purposely proclaimed audience that the national in mind "in the with young a forthcoming decades, learning introduced; will worried that be I two not not am new rather, scholarly Failing do that ideas will be enhanced do I not to worry our own so simply worships slavery that have the and will of will that ancients gotten out mean we a slavery worships foreign, that the into another and therefore has contempt our own race ;•). advantage (zu gently argued gain." is Huang that the worth the then in I not worry return: comparing Japan, slightly. China Japan In scale differs and the have did not ?e• • learning (Ribenxue [] Japanese Japan ). Medieval looked Tang and the Sui to up dynasties, the whole nation Japan and Europe tumed the When modem revered East. to America, [Japan] the whole and the After nation turned chased after West. the nation to West, galloped both the and shadows the East the soul and wandered, and of nation also the if inebriated nation the nation calmed lost dream. When in down and as was or stabilized, thereupon existence, became it then the of its and idea of national aware a emerged. essence Liang by Kang letter saying Huang's rehearsed which Later that argument sent to a early Meiji also Japan proposal focused the tradition. "the destruction of However, to on national the has arisen idea of in The national is recent preserve years. essence a essence perfectly today, promoted fine but it if mentality had been national decades the two ago, ''6 sufficiently have would Liang addition, been receive it. also favored In not to open Buddhism discussions and had Japanese with several monks about how the to nat•on save Buddhism. with Liang's This foreshadows reversal Orientalism after he returned from congbao (February 1902), InXinmin 2 59-72. pp. • 6 •q- • • • -J- Wenjiang Ding Fengtian Q•chao changbian and Zhao eds., Liang •, manpu • • • • • •: (Chronological Biography Liang (Shanghai: Qichao, Shanghai Edition) of Full chubanshe, 1983), renmin 275-93. pp. 7 good post-World although Liang refashion- that, illustrates Europe. also It War I at was origins demanded, thought. ing himself the situation of his still the trace as we can • z]z. • [] (the principle guocuizhuyi time The of the in which century turn a was (guocuizhuyi) essence) greatly linguistic and Japan. flourished This national in of the term surrounding triggered Liang's national desire the the it doubt circumstances to preserve no learning Nevertheless, national China.