Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia: Now and what to next? Final Report TCP/RAS/3512: Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia FOREST FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION INDONESIA 2018 Final Report TCP/RAS/3512 : Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia: Now and what to next? Forest Research and Development Center Food Agriculture Organization 2018 Copyright Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), 2018 Published by Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), Bogor Indonesia Citation @Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC) and Food Agriculture Organization 2018 Written by Dr Yayuk Siswiyanti , SHut.,MSi. Contributors 1. Dr Titiek Setyawati ,MSc 2. Henty Hendalastuti, PhD 3. Ir Atok Subiakto, MSc 4. Dr Maman Turjaman, DEA 5. Dr Deden Zaenudin, SHut.,MSi Photos Dr Yayuk Siswiyanti,S.Hut.,MSi Sunardi, SPd, MSi Available at Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC) Jl Gunung Batu No 5 Bogor Indonesia Forest Landscape Restoration Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration Forewords Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), Environment and Forestry Research, Development, and Innovation Agency (FOERDIA), Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia (MoEF) achieves impact that is grounded in science. FRDC has identified a set of strategic problems, through surveys of demands, which involve research leading to generalizable results, adaptable to local situations. FRDC works through institution-strengthening associations with national partners towards resolution of these strategic problems. FRDC approach focuses on clearly defined principles and on our two pillars, research and development, capacity development and engagement, which are integrated through theory of dynamics and implemented through six thematic work areas in order to positively influence the development trajectory in global episteme. The six areas fosters science on Biodiversity and ecosystem Conservation, Water and Landscape Conservation, Productivity of Forest, Forest and Food, Forest Land and Energy, and Medicine from Forest for human wellbeing. In term of restoring degraded lands, the issues are not merely technical; solutions need to involve multiple stakeholders at multiple levels of governance. As we know, the dynamic of restoration degraded lands problems have demanded rapid policy formulation and actions which require immediately feedbacks from its stakeholders. Intended users of our research include funding partners and development agencies, conservation organizations, government policy makers, NGOs, advocates, journalists, the private sector, other researchers and practitioners at all levels, as well as smallholders and farmers. The research outcomes therefore be realized at many different levels. FAO and FRDC collaboration on TCP/RAS/3512: “Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia” is effective pattern to pursue restoring degraded lands in Indonesia, as Indonesian national target about 24.7 million hectares until 2030. The most important of output the Technical Cooperation Program is need of community to improve their livelihoods from forest, while restoring their degraded lands where they lived; that is mixed land-use mosaics. Some urgent program to meet the purpose is developing market and also establishing incentives upon clear and clean land tenure. Finally, FRDC appreciate to FAO and other partners who involved this project, for their commitments and continuous efforts on forest landscape restoration, particularly in Indonesia, and expected to high impact in the future for greening Indonesian lands. Bogor, February 2018 Dr Kirsfianti Linda Ginoga Director, FRDC, Forest Research and Development Center | i Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration Acknowledgements We wishes to thank Dr Kenichi Shono, also Patrick Charles Dugan for constructive ideas to elaborate this report. We also cordially thank to the FAO team project “Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) (TCP/RAS/3512) in Indonesia”; Dr Titiek Setyawati, Ir Atok Subiakto, MSc., Henty Hendalastuti, PhD; Dr Maman Turjaman, DEA; Dr Deden Zaenuddin, and also secretary of the project Sunardi, SPd.,MSi for their cooperation and close collaboration during project run. We also would like to appreciate to Ir Henri Octavia, MSi, Head of Forestry Office of West Sumatra for his continue support; and my all colleagues in Solok District, West Sumatra Province, traditional community in Sirukam and Indudur Nagari. We thank to all reviewers for their comments on this report. We expressed appreciation to the Food and Agriculture Organization; our colleagues from Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand, also Phillipines for the warm hospitality accorded to them and the excellent arrangements made for the collaboration in this project cordiality and solidarity. We also thanked the FAO Indonesia, Ir Ageng Herianto and his staff for the assistance rendered. To all contributors, we thanked to every support for success of the project. We all expect our efforts could high impact for forest community wellbeing and people welfare. Forest Research and Development Center enjoys for excellent collaboration and network. Bogor, February 2018 Dr Yayuk Siswiyanti Project Coordinator TCP/RAS/3512 in Indonesia ii | Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration Contents Forewords i Acknowledgements ii Contents iii Tables iv Diagrams v Executive Summary vi Chapter 1: Problems and how to address 1 1.1 Problem s and Urgenc ies 1 1.2 Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) : mission of Forest 3 Landscape Restoration (FLR) in regional Asia Pacific 1.3 Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC): National 6 Strategy of Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) 1.4 Collaboration FAO and FRDC : activities, management of the 8 project, budgeting 1.5 Conclusions 39 Chapter 2: Experiences , Lessons , key of Success : 41 TCP/RAS/3512 Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia 2.1 Project approaches for FLR 41 2.2 West Sumatera: the best choice for piloting landscape 42 approaches 2.3 Forest Loss, Land degradation, and available for restoration 53 2.4 Techniques for FLR in West Sumatra 72 2.5 Land Allocation and Tenure 77 2.6 Economic, Culture and Local Values 79 2.7 Role of Stakeholders and key actors 84 2.8 Gender and Youth 95 2.9 Conclusions 98 Chapter 3 : Forest Landscape Restora tion in Indonesia: 99 Future Directions and Opportunities as options for Policy Makers 3.1 Narrative FLR in Indonesia 99 3.2 Polic ies and Regulation s 110 3.3 Mainstreaming, Networking and Outreaches 120 3.4 Future: Landscape upstream -downstream intact 123 3.5 Conclusions 126 | iii Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration Tables Table 1 Final output, outcome, indicator and mean of verification 9 Table 2 Classification of land cover according to SNI 7645: 2010 53 Table 3 Classification of Land Use According to SNI 19 -6728.3 -2002 54 Table 4 Forest coverage and forest degradation 1990 -2011 59 Table 5 Deforestation and Its Rate 1990 -2011 60 Table 6 Land cover in the city of West Sumatera 63 Table 7 Land cover in the district of West Sumatera 64 Table 8 Potential Intervention for Forest Landscape Restoration 73 Table 9 Tend management of forestland in West Sumatra, particularly 78 Solok District Table 10 Structure of Social Economy Population in West Sumatra 79 Table 11 Interest s and influences of stakeholders on Forest Landscape 84 Restoration Table 12 Perception of Stakeholders about Forest Landscape Restoration 88 Table 13 Social and ecological princip les of the landscape approaches 91 Table 14 Potential Partners for Forest Landscape Restoration in West 91 Sumatera Table 15 Numbers of NGOs in West Sumatera province since 2013 -2014 94 Table 16 The numbers of NGOs activities in city/district of West 94 Sumatera province Table 17 Policies/Regulations to Institutionalizing of Forest Landscape 112 Restoration Table 18 Baseline FLR in Solok, delved base on interviewing key 116 informants iv | Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration Diagrams Diagram 1 Distribution of Budget 38 Diagram 2 Indonesian rate of deforestation for the period of 2003 to 55 2014, in million ha per year (Indonesia deforestation book year 2013- 2014) Diagram 3 Deforestation trend 1990 -2011 59 Diagram 4 Forest allocation based on its function in West Sumatra 61 Province Diagram 5 Deforestation 8 provinces in Sumatra 67 Diagram 6 Size of deforestation during 2013 -2014 in West Sumatra 68 Diagram 7 Development Framing 110 Diagram 8 Landscape upstream -downstream intact (LUDSI) Concept 124 | v Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration Executive Summary Indonesia State forest 130 million hectares, which is 24.7 million hectares of the area was degraded. Rate of deforestation is 1.13 million hectares/year. Forest degradation was facing a lots of problems, including invasive with alien species. The degradation of land and forest resources threatens the livelihoods of the millions of people who depend on them. Every year, some 1.13 million hectares of state-land are degraded while about 30% of forest are converted to other uses or lost through natural causes. Forest landscape restoration (FLR) points towards reversing the degradation and upscalling the sustainable management of natural resources, including land, soil, forest and water. Degraded land in Indonesia was 24.7 million hectares, caused mainly by inappropriate land use, no soil and water conservation measures applied in such areas entailed to severe erosion, sedimentation and degradation of water condition (quantity and quality) in the downstream