Chapter 2 Hindola (The Swing) Assessing the extent and nature of desertion in Daund taluka and Ghole road ward of Pune city Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule Women’s Studies Centre, University of Pune Society for Promoting Participative Eco-System Management (SOPPECOM) December 2008 1 Hindola (The Swing) Assessing the extent and nature of desertion in Daund taluka and Ghole road ward of Pune city First Edition: December 2008 Published by: Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule Women’s Studies Centre, University of Pune Society for Promoting Participative Eco-System Management (SOPPECOM) Contact: KSP Women’s Studies Centre, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Bhavan, University of Pune, Pune 411007. Phone No: 020- 25601300. Email: [email protected] SOPPECOM, 16; Kale Park, Someshwarwadi Road, Pashan, Pune 411008 Phone No: 020- 25880786. Email: [email protected]. Website: www.soppecom.org Cover Design: Raju Deshpande Layout Design: Sharada Mahalle Printed at: Positive Enterprises, Pune Donation Price: Rs. 50/- 2 Chapter 2 Preface In November 2005, when the project ‘Assessing the extent and nature of desertion’ was undertaken by all of us jointly, we as students and researchers in the emerging interdisciplinary field of Women’s Studies, were aware of the complexities and rapid changes taking place in the Indian political economy. Assessment of the extent and nature of desertion in Daund Taluka and Ghole Road ward of Pune City is surely an empirical research conducted by separating an issue of desertion, studies at a micro level towards locating the practices of marriage and familial living on material as well as local sites. This data not only presents desertion across different social groups underscoring the links between violence and desertion, but poses many question marks to various dichotomies such as global vs. local, empirical description vs. theorization and more importantly, it speaks about the overall increasing insecurities and various terrorisms which hide the issues of survival and dignity for ‘women’ as a marginalized category. We sincerely feel that this local level data provides us with some insights for further explorations. Generally speaking marriage and family are issues which either get caught in ‘unchanging tradition’ or we see marriage and family at once glorified as sites of consumption and as spaces of recovering and reinventing ‘Hindu practices’. We have accounts of disruptions including violence in the family but it is treated as an aberration. The issue of desertion points to the logic of power and domination as it structures the ‘normal’ patriarchal marriage and family. Questions such as: ‘What are the causes of desertion? How is it named? What continues and discontinues as causes? Are there major changes in this context? How do caste, class mediate in the process of desertion? What are the individual and collective resistances that women forge on this issue? These questions form the substance of our research. Our larger agenda is to throw back the gaze of the ‘deserted’ women on the institution of marriage and family. This gaze constitutes the insights of both: those who consider themselves as ‘victims’ and others who see themselves as ‘resisting violence’. iii 3 As researchers in Women’s Studies we understand ‘feminism’ as a transformative, critical, political consciousness. We understand the category of ‘women’ as an exploited category constituting and constituted by the structures and ideologies of caste, class, community. Hence our effort in this study was towards creating challenges to the dominant ideologies and interpretations. We do hope that this small step towards creating understanding of complex weave of deserted women’s life will take us further towards including many more emerging ‘female headed households’ in the globalising Indian world. This world of India has today at one level witnessed the fastest growth of high net worth individuals worldwide but at another level Adivasis, Dalits, Muslims, Christians have suffered due to an unequal share of this development. We hope that this report expands the understanding around desertion of women and leads to action and research towards creating gender sensitive, justice oriented emancipatory just Indian society. Vidyut Bhagwat 4vi Chapter 2 Acknowledgement The project started in November 2005. It has been three long years since the project started and now we are happy to present the report findings before you. Various people have contributed to the successful implementation of this project. The initial support team from the Women’s Studies Centre had Sambodhi Deshpande, Ashwini More, Devendra Mohite, Vinayak Lashkar and Sanjay Kamble. For data collection we had specially invited Hasina Mulla from Sangli district. The team from Rawangaon village in Daund taluka from Rashtrasant Tukdoji Krushi Gramvikas Aani Sanshodhan Sanstha (RTKGSS) did the entire data collection in an efficient manner. The data collection for the Pune team was done by young girls from Pandavnagar vasti in Ghole road ward. Many of them belonged to the Bhagatsingh Brigade. The study would not have been possible without the support or participation of the three organisations working in the study area. One of them was Navnirman Nyas (NN) where because of Vasudha Sardar’s support we could take up the study in the taluka. She was supported by Gautam Ovhal from NN. The other organisation in Daund taluka without whose support this may not have been possible is RTKGSS. Here under the leadership of Ravi Pomane a young team from Rawangaon village ably supported us in the data collection process. Our study in Pune city would not have been possible without the active participation of Pune Shahar Molkarin Sanghatana. Medha Thatte, Chandrbhaga Sapkal, Padma Sutar, Rajni Maladkar and Sandhya Phadke put in a lot of efforts to make this possible. Our entire data entry was managed by various people and it would be difficult to name them all here, but we are thankful to Mayura Kulkarni who did a large chunk of the data entry work. Sugandha More, without whose help the data would not have been in the form that you see in this report needs a special mention. We are also thankful to Sugeeta Roy Choudhry and Vrunda Vaze who did copy editing for English and Marathi reports respectively. 5v We are thankful to the tremendous support from staff in both the Women’s Studies Centre and SOPPECOM for helping us around for all the last minute tasks. Suchita Jain from SOPPECOM who prepared maps for the report needs a special mention. This project would not have been possible without the financial and administrative support of Centre for social Sciences and Humanities. We would specially like to thank Prof. Sadanand More and Prof. Suhas Palshikar from this centre. The summary report was shared with four external reviewers Dr. Maitreyi Krishnaraj, Dr. Chhaya Datar, Dr. Sumi Krishna and Dr. Padma Velaskar. Their comments were extremely useful and although we were not able to incorporate all of them in this report we are thankful to them for pointing out what needs to be done in future explorations. Finally we are extremely thankful to all the people from Daund taluka and Ghole road ward who participated in the study and provided information. We are especially grateful to the deserted women from both these areas who participated in the study. The study was not possible without their support and the trust with which they shared their experiences with us. We do look forward to feedback from you all and hope this report goes towards contributing to the question of desertion and single-hood. Vidyut Bhagwat Seema Kulkani Sharmila Rege Sneha Bhat Anagha Tambe Swati Dehadroy Women’s Studies Centre SOPPECOM December 2008 6vi Chapter 2 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................... 9 Rationale, background and objectives ........................................................ 9 Study area ............................................................................................... 11 Conceptual framework and methodology ................................................. 17 Limitations of the study ............................................................................ 21 Annexure 1 ............................................................................................ 22 Map 1 Sample villages, Daund taluka ................................................. 23 Chapter 2 Extent of Desertion in Daund taluka ................................. 24 Introduction ............................................................................................. 24 Section 1: Building the profiles of the villages we surveyed ........................ 29 Section 2: Extent of desertion ................................................................... 37 Annexure 2 Supporting tables for Chapter 2 ....................................... 42 Map 2 Study area, Ghole road ward, Pune city................................... 45 Chapter 3 Extent of Desertion in Ghole Road Ward, Pune City........ 46 Introduction ............................................................................................. 46 Section 1: Building the profiles of the vastis we surveyed ........................... 49 Section 2: Extent of desertion ................................................................... 56 Annexure 3 Supporting tables for Chapter 3 ....................................... 60 Chapter 4 The Women We Interviewed .............................................. 62 Caste, religion and vasti/village