the CULTURAL COMPONENT of CITIZENSHIP an inventory of challenges The European House for Culture on behalf of the Access to Culture Platform has been funded with the support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. The Access to Culture Platform is hosted at the European House for Culture. 1 the cultural component of citizenship : an inventory of challenges Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 5 The Cultural Component of Citizenship: an Inventory of Challenges ............... 6 Steve Austen European Citizenship and the Role of Art and Culture .................................. 10 Mary Ann DeVlieg Citizenship and Culture .................................................................................. 28 DEFINING THE CULTURAL COMPONENT OF CITIZENSHIP 37 Mathieu Kroon Gutiérrez Europe and the Challenge of Virtuous Citizenship. What is the Role of Culture? ....................................................................................................................... 38 HOW IS CULTURAL CITIZENSHIP PRACTICED? 53 Matina Magkou Geographies of Artistic Mobility for the Formation and Confirmation of European Cultural Citizenship. ...................................................................... 54 Natalia Grincheva “Canada’s Got Treasures” Constructing National Identity through Cultural Participation .................................................................................................. 79 Patricia Adkins Chiti Women in Music Uniting Strategies for Talent: Working to Change the Landscape Women in Music. ....................................................................... 100 Ana Tomás Hernández The Museum in Your Hands: Bringing Together Conversation and Social Inclusion. ..................................................................................................... 113 Chaitas Charalampos & Anastasia Kalou Cultural Hutching Nests of Citizenship: a New Role for Contemporary Museums. .................................................................................................... 143 Goran Tomka Do We Need Audience at All? Analyzing Narratives about Audience. ........ 164 Mathieu Rousselin Virtual Arts as Martial Arts: le Tunisian Exhibition in La Marsa .................. 181 2 Pier Luigi Sacco, Guido Ferilli, and Giorgio Tavano Blessi Culture 3.0: A New Perspective for the EU Active Citizenship and Social and Economic Cohesion Policy ............................................................................ 198 WHAT ARE THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF CULTURAL CITIZENSHIP? 219 Izabela Henning The Right to Culture vs the Access to Culture: the Critical View on the Chosen Examples of Law Provisions Concerning the Material Side of Culture ......... 220 A CULTURAL COALITION FOR A CITIZENS’ EUROPE 231 Patrice Meyer-Bisch Cultural Rights, Ends and Means of Democracies? The Protection and the Creation of Cultural Rights, Condition of any Citizenship ............................ 232 Raymond Weber Culture and Citizenship: which Issues for Europe? ....................................... 243 Cristina Ortega & Roberto San Salvador del Valle Key Co-creation and Co-Responsibility in the Governance of Culture .......... 256 A Cultural Coalition for a Citizens’ Europe ................................................... 260 ACCESS TO CULTURE PLATFORM 263 Colophon ...................................................................................................... 268 3 the cultural component of citizenship : an inventory of challenges 4 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 5 the cultural component of citizenship : an inventory of challenges The Cultural Component of Citizenship: an Inventory of Challenges Europe cannot be a mere political framework for the convenience of governments. It must be made clear that the purpose of European integration is primarily to enhance the quality of life for its citizens. The active involvement of citizens is unthinkable without participation that is taken seriously. A Citizens’ Europe implies participation beyond the dry confines of bureaucratic regulation and job creation programmes. It involves all the activities necessary for real social justice and dialogue. It requires the political structures to provide citizens with the mobility, freedom and resources to make the most of the opportunities of our time. We must ask ourselves, why is European citizenship not a topic of discussion in our cafes, schools, parks, museums, the places of everyday life? And the next question then is: what is the role of culture in the political integration process in Europe and what is cultural citizenship exactly? This compilation of articles is an attempt to start answering these questions. Citizenship: New Legal Windows The concept of Union Citizenship was established as a legal concept by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. It marked a clear break from the market logic where individuals were mostly seen as consumers. The Union Citizenship is a status conferred on all nationals of one of the Member States an additional set of rights to those attached to their own national citizenship. The individual citizen of any member-state now has, whether he wants it or not, an additional legal identity next to the existing national one. The EU became a Union of Member States and citizens. It is intended to help create amongst individual citizens a sense of belonging to the EU and having a genuine European identity, reflecting the core founding values of the EU: human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. The Cultural Component of Citizenship Culture is made up of traditions, beliefs, and ways of life, from the most spiritual to the most material. It gives us meaning, a way of leading our lives. Human beings are creators of culture and, at the same time, culture is what makes us human. Our citizenship is, therefore, cultural. Culture shapes our common value system and at the same time helps to establish a sense of self 6 INTRODUCTION in an increasingly fast-paced and fragmented world. Culture and the arts can simultaneously strengthen social bonds, enable communication and stimulate out-of-the-box thinking across European borders in a unique and “avant- garde” way. When citizens have common cultural aims, even if the cultures themselves are different, the cross-fertilisation of ideas becomes a way for active citizens to develop a common Europe while keeping their own sense of who they are intact. To wonder what kind of citizenship we want is to wonder what kind of relationship we should establish with culture.1 Access to Culture: A Fundamental Right for All! The Working Group on Audience Participation and the Access to Culture Platform work since 2008 on these topics. The Platform recognises the primary right to cultural participation protected in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2 and considers artistic practice, access to cultural expression, and participation in the arts fundamental to the development of an active European citizenship. Through participation and access to arts and culture, individuals and communities not only reflect on their views on societies, imagine the world they want to live in, and elaborate individual and collective standpoints, but through the mobility of cultural and artistic expression, as well as of ideas and appreciations within Europe, people get access and benefit from the European process: Access to culture implies that all individuals have the freedom to choose between a large spectrum of available options, either as audience or as creators. The Publication The articles in this publication examine the cultural component of citizenship from a wide range of perspectives. They are the fruit of an open call sent to a wide range of actors involved in the field and can be grouped by: Defining the Cultural Component of Citizenship (Mathieu Kroon Gutiérrez), How is Cultural Citizenship Practiced? (Matina Magkou, Natalia Grincheva, Patricia Adkins Chiti, Ana Tomás Hernández, Chaitas Charalampos & Anastasia Kalou, Goran Tomka, Mathieu Rousselin), and What are the Legal Aspects of Cultural? (Izabela Henning). These articles critically develop a new understanding of the concept of citizenship, focusing on concepts, but also on concrete examples in 1 Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d’Educacio, “Citizenship and Culture: The Cultural Reinvention of Citizenship” in Citizenship and Human Rights Education. Website. Accessed 24 September 2010. http://www.cefe.gva.es/educationforcitizenship/unid_10.html. 2 ‘Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (Article 27 Universal Declaration of Human Rights) 7 the cultural component of citizenship : an inventory of challenges cultural life, revealing new ways of arts practice and communication with the audience. In addition, a series of texts gathered under the ‘Cultural Coalition for a Citizens’ Europe’ are included in an encompassed chapter with texts from Cristina Ortega and Roberto San Salvador del Valle, Raymond Weber, and Patrice Meyer-Bisch. These texts are the beginning of further reflection in the Coalition set up by “A Soul for Europe“. Both parts are encompassed by introductory articles by two members of the Access to Culture Platform: Steve Austen, also a contributor to the ‘Cultural Coalition to a Citizens’ Europe’,