German Market Analysis and IUU Assessment WWF Germany [80101064/#15007/jw] Phase 1 Report Final July 2015 Submitted by MRAG Ltd is an independent fisheries and aquatic resource consulting company dedicated to the sustainable use of natural resources through sound, integrated management practices and policies. Established in 1986, MRAG has successfully completed projects in more than 60 countries. Our in-house experts have a wide variety of technical expertise and practical experience across all aspects of aquatic resource management, policy and planning, allowing us to take a multi-disciplinary approach to every project. Our capability to service an extensive array of resource management needs is further extended through our network of associations with internationally acclaimed experts in academic institutions and private organisations worldwide. MRAG Ltd 18 Queen Street T: +44 (0) 20 7255 7755 London F: +44 (0) 20 7499 5388 W1J 5PN W: www.mrag.co.uk United Kingdom E: [email protected] Contents Tables ....................................................................................................................... iii Figures ..................................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 2 Review of German Market Study ...................................................................... 1 2.1 Recommendations for additional information. ......................................................... 1 3 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Choice of Methodology ........................................................................................... 2 3.2 Selection of species and fishery coverage .............................................................. 3 3.2.1 Volume or value of fish landed / imported ........................................................ 3 3.2.2 Species at a known high level of IUU risk ........................................................ 3 3.2.3 High profile species.......................................................................................... 4 3.2.4 Species selected for assessment ..................................................................... 4 3.3 Estimating an unknown - “IUU” ............................................................................... 6 3.3.1 Limitations ....................................................................................................... 6 3.3.2 Assessing the supply chains of fish into the German market ............................ 7 3.3.3 Assessing the sources of fish from a country ................................................... 7 3.3.4 Qualitative Assessment ................................................................................... 8 4 Species Case Studies ........................................................................................ 9 4.1 Tuna and tuna-like species ..................................................................................... 9 4.1.1 Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) .............................................................. 10 4.1.2 Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) ............................................................... 11 4.1.3 Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) ......................................................................... 12 4.1.4 Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) ...................................................................... 13 4.1.5 Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynuus, T. orientalis and T. maccoyi) ........................ 14 4.1.6 Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) ............................................................................ 15 4.1.7 Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) ...................................................................... 16 4.2 Whitefish ............................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1 Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) ...................................................... 17 4.2.2 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) ......................................................................... 18 4.2.3 Atlantic redfish (Sebastes spp.) ..................................................................... 19 4.2.4 Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) .......................................................... 20 4.2.5 Hake (Merluccius spp.) .................................................................................. 21 4.2.6 Toothfish (Dissostichus spp.) ......................................................................... 22 4.2.7 Pangasius (Pangasius spp.) .......................................................................... 23 4.2.8 Saithe (Pollachius virens) .............................................................................. 24 4.3 Shrimp .................................................................................................................. 26 MRAG Ltd WWF Germany Market Study –Phase 1 Report Page i 4.3.1 Tropical shrimp (Penaeus spp., Parapaneus longirostris) .............................. 26 4.3.2 Cold-water shrimp (Crangon spp., Pandalidae) .............................................. 27 4.4 Other Species ....................................................................................................... 28 4.4.1 Herring (Clupea spp) ...................................................................................... 28 4.4.2 Orange roughy (Hoplostethus spp.) ............................................................... 31 4.4.3 Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus, Scomber japonicus, Lepidocybium spp.) 32 4.4.4 Anglerfish (Lophius spp.) ............................................................................... 32 4.4.5 Zander (Sander spp., Stizostedion spp.) ........................................................ 33 4.4.6 Parrot fish (Scarus spp., Sparisoma spp.) ...................................................... 35 4.4.7 Grenadierfisch (Coryphaenoides rupestris and Macrourus berglax) ............... 35 4.4.8 Dorade (Dentex spp., Lithognatus mormyrus, Diplodus spp., Pagellus spp., Pagrus spp., Sparus spp., Spondyliosoma cantharus) ................................................. 36 4.4.9 Soles (Soleidae; Cynoglossus spp., Microstomus pacificus) .......................... 36 4.4.10 Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) ......................................... 37 4.4.11 Snapper ......................................................................................................... 40 4.4.12 Conger eel (Conger conger) .......................................................................... 40 4.4.13 Hoki (Macruronus spp.) .................................................................................. 41 4.4.14 Octopus ......................................................................................................... 43 4.4.15 Wild salmon (Onchorhynchus spp., Salmo salar) ........................................... 45 4.4.16 Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) ................................................................... 47 4.4.17 Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) ...................................................................... 48 4.5 Generic problems identified with Chinese and Russian supply chains .................. 48 5 Supplier guidelines .......................................................................................... 50 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 50 5.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 50 5.3 Process and approach .......................................................................................... 50 5.4 Timeline ................................................................................................................ 53 6 Technical Advice on WWFs Traceability Guidelines .................................... 55 Annex 1 Terms of Reference ............................................................................ 56 Annex 2 Species Lists ....................................................................................... 57 Annex 3 Categories of IUU estimation methods showing key references, main data requirements, advantages and disadvantages, and a preliminary conclusion regarding the usefulness for this study. .......................................... 59 Annex 4 EU Criteria for Identification of Non-Cooperating Countries .......... 61 Annex 5 Example of confidentiality agreement .............................................. 63 Annex 6 References .......................................................................................... 64 Page ii WWF Germany Market Study –Phase 1 Report MRAG Ltd Tables Table 3.1 List of candidate species proposed by WWF Germany. ................................. 6 Table 4.1 Reported combined, plaice, sole and flounder imports into (t) Germany from outside the EU (2009 – 2014). ..................................................................... 37 Table 5.1 Data requirements for supplier IUU analysis ................................................ 51 Table 5.2 Categories of IUU risk assessment .............................................................